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Question Answering (QA) datasets are crucial in assessing reading comprehension skills for both machines and humans. While numerous datasets have been developed in English for this purpose, a noticeable void exists in less-resourced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bernardo Leite , Tomás Freitas Osório , Henrique Lopes Cardoso

Model fairness is an essential element for Trustworthy AI. While many techniques for model fairness have been proposed, most of them assume that the training and deployment data distributions are identical, which is often not true in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Yuji Roh , Kangwook Lee , Steven Euijong Whang , Changho Suh

Obtaining high-quality explanations of a model's output enables developers to identify and correct biases, align the system's behavior with human values, and ensure ethical compliance. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) practitioners…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Carlos Eiras-Franco , Anna Hedström , Marina M. -C. Höhne

Fairness in Language Models (LMs) remains a longstanding challenge, given the inherent biases in training data that can be perpetuated by models and affect the downstream tasks. Recent methods employ expensive retraining or attempt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Pragyan Banerjee , Abhinav Java , Surgan Jandial , Simra Shahid , Shaz Furniturewala , Balaji Krishnamurthy , Sumit Bhatia

Large language models (LLMs) are approaching expert-level performance in medical question answering (QA), demonstrating strong potential to improve public healthcare. However, underlying biases related to sensitive attributes such as sex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ying Xiao , Jie Huang , Ruijuan He , Jing Xiao , Mohammad Reza Mousavi , Yepang Liu , Kezhi Li , Zhenpeng Chen , Jie M. Zhang

We present MLQE-PE, a new dataset for Machine Translation (MT) Quality Estimation (QE) and Automatic Post-Editing (APE). The dataset contains eleven language pairs, with human labels for up to 10,000 translations per language pair in the…

Quality estimation (QE) for tasks involving language data is hard owing to numerous aspects of natural language like variations in paraphrasing, style, grammar, etc. There can be multiple answers with varying levels of acceptability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Prabhakar Gupta , Anil Nelakanti

In this paper, we present our submission to the sentence-level MQM benchmark at Quality Estimation Shared Task, named UniTE (Unified Translation Evaluation). Specifically, our systems employ the framework of UniTE, which combined three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Keqin Bao , Yu Wan , Dayiheng Liu , Baosong Yang , Wenqiang Lei , Xiangnan He , Derek F. Wong , Jun Xie

Ethics regarding social bias has recently thrown striking issues in natural language processing. Especially for gender-related topics, the need for a system that reduces the model bias has grown in areas such as image captioning, content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Won Ik Cho , Ji Won Kim , Seok Min Kim , Nam Soo Kim

Quality Estimation (QE), the evaluation of machine translation output without the need of explicit references, has seen big improvements in the last years with the use of neural metrics. In this paper we analyze the viability of using QE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Jan-Thorsten Peter , David Vilar , Daniel Deutsch , Mara Finkelstein , Juraj Juraska , Markus Freitag

Translation Quality Estimation (QE) is the task of predicting the quality of machine translation (MT) output without any reference. This task has gained increasing attention as an important component in the practical applications of MT. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Fatemeh Azadi , Heshaam Faili , Mohammad Javad Dousti

Large language models increasingly support multiple languages, yet most benchmarks for gender bias remain English-centric. We introduce EuroGEST, a dataset designed to measure gender-stereotypical reasoning in LLMs across English and 29…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jacqueline Rowe , Mateusz Klimaszewski , Liane Guillou , Shannon Vallor , Alexandra Birch

Quantization method plays a crucial role in improving model efficiency and reducing deployment costs, enabling the widespread application of deep learning models on resource-constrained devices. However, the quantization process inevitably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jinhao Zhang , Yunquan Zhang , Boyang Zhang , Zeyu Liu , Daning Cheng

From disinformation spread by AI chatbots to AI recommendations that inadvertently reinforce stereotypes, textual bias poses a significant challenge to the trustworthiness of large language models (LLMs). In this paper, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Tianyi Huang , Elsa Fan

While machine learning models have achieved unprecedented success in real-world applications, they might make biased/unfair decisions for specific demographic groups and hence result in discriminative outcomes. Although research efforts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Yuying Zhao , Yu Wang , Tyler Derr

Research on non-verbal behavior generation for social interactive agents focuses mainly on the believability and synchronization of non-verbal cues with speech. However, existing models, predominantly based on deep learning architectures,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Alice Delbosc , Magalie Ochs , Nicolas Sabouret , Brian Ravenet , Stephane Ayache

Despite the steady progress in machine translation evaluation, existing automatic metrics struggle to capture how well meaning is preserved beyond sentence boundaries. We posit that reliance on a single intrinsic quality score, trained to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Patrick Fernandes , Sweta Agrawal , Emmanouil Zaranis , André F. T. Martins , Graham Neubig

Gender bias is largely recognized as a problematic phenomenon affecting language technologies, with recent studies underscoring that it might surface differently across languages. However, most of current evaluation practices adopt a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Beatrice Savoldi , Marco Gaido , Luisa Bentivogli , Matteo Negri , Marco Turchi

This paper presents the team TransQuest's participation in Sentence-Level Direct Assessment shared task in WMT 2020. We introduce a simple QE framework based on cross-lingual transformers, and we use it to implement and evaluate two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Tharindu Ranasinghe , Constantin Orasan , Ruslan Mitkov

This study addresses the issue of speaker gender bias in Speech Translation (ST) systems, which can lead to offensive and inaccurate translations. The masculine bias often found in large-scale ST systems is typically perpetuated through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Shubham Bansal , Vikas Joshi , Harveen Chadha , Rupeshkumar Mehta , Jinyu Li