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Clifford group lies at the core of quantum computation -- it underlies quantum error correction, its elements can be used to perform magic state distillation and they form randomized benchmarking protocols, Clifford group is used to study…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-26 Sergey Bravyi , Joseph A. Latone , Dmitri Maslov

In this paper we study the potential of using reinforcement learning (RL) in order to synthesize quantum circuits, while optimizing the T-count and CS-count, of unitaries that are exactly implementable by the Clifford+T and Clifford+CS gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 David Kremer , Ali Javadi-Abhari , Priyanka Mukhopadhyay

Multi-controlled Toffoli gates are fundamental building blocks in quantum computation, with applications in quantum arithmetic, simulation, and search algorithms. In fault-tolerant architectures, their realization is constrained by the high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Abhoy Kole , Majd Assaad , Till Schnittka , Rolf Drechsler

Recently, it was shown that Repeat-Until-Success (RUS) circuits can achieve a $2.5$ times reduction in expected $T$-count over ancilla-free techniques for single-qubit unitary decomposition. However, the previously best known algorithm to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-11 Alex Bocharov , Martin Roetteler , Krysta M. Svore

Quantum error-correcting codes are used to protect qubits involved in quantum computation. This process requires logical operators, acting on protected qubits, to be translated into physical operators (circuits) acting on physical quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-20 Narayanan Rengaswamy , Robert Calderbank , Swanand Kadhe , Henry D. Pfister

We study the problem of exact synthesis for the Clifford+R gate set and give the explicit structure of the underlying Bruhat-Tits building for this group. In this process, we also give an alternative proof of the arithmetic nature of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Mark Deaconu , Nihar Gargava , Amolak Ratan Kalra , Michele Mosca , Jon Yard

We present new optimal and heuristic algorithms for exact synthesis of multi-qubit unitaries and isometries. For example, our algorithms find Clifford and T circuits for unitaries with entries in $\mathbb{Z}[i,1/\sqrt{2}]$. The optimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-30 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Sebastian Schönnenbeck

The problem of decomposing an arbitrary Clifford element into a sequence of Clifford gates is known as Clifford synthesis. Drawing inspiration from similarities between this and the famous Rubik's Cube problem, we develop a machine learning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 Ning Bao , Gavin S. Hartnett

Clifford noise reduction (CliNR) is a partial error correction scheme that reduces the logical error rate of Clifford circuits at the cost of a modest qubit and gate overhead. The CliNR implementation of an $n$-qubit Clifford circuit of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Aharon Brodutch , Gregory Baimetov , Edwin Tham , Nicolas Delfosse

We tackle the problem of Clifford isometry compilation, i.e, how to synthesize a Clifford isometry into an executable quantum circuit. We propose a simple framework for synthesis that only exploits the elementary properties of the Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Timothée Goubault de Brugière , Simon Martiel , Christophe Vuillot

We describe a simple algorithm for sampling $n$-qubit Clifford operators uniformly at random. The algorithm outputs the Clifford operators in the form of quantum circuits with at most $5n + 2n^2$ elementary gates and a maximum depth of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-18 Ewout van den Berg

We develop a method to synthesize a class of entangling multi-qubit gates for a quantum computing platform with fixed Ising-type interaction with all-to-all connectivity. The only requirement on the flexibility of the interaction is that it…

Recently it has been shown that Repeat-Until-Success (RUS) circuits can approximate a given single-qubit unitary with an expected number of $T$ gates of about $1/3$ of what is required by optimal, deterministic, ancilla-free decompositions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Alex Bocharov , Martin Roetteler , Krysta M. Svore

We describe a new efficient algorithm to approximate z-rotations by ancilla-free Clifford+V circuits, up to a given precision epsilon. Our algorithm is optimal in the presence of an oracle for integer factoring: it outputs the shortest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-09 Neil J. Ross

Most work in quantum circuit optimization has been performed in isolation from the results of quantum fault-tolerance. Here we present a polynomial-time algorithm for optimizing quantum circuits that takes the actual implementation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-18 Matthew Amy , Dmitri Maslov , Michele Mosca

The surface code is one of the most successful approaches to topological quantum error-correction. It boasts the smallest known syndrome extraction circuits and correspondingly largest thresholds. Defect-based logical encodings of a new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-26 Theodore J. Yoder , Isaac H. Kim

Prevailing proposals for the first generation of quantum computers make use of 2-level systems, or qubits, as the fundamental unit of quantum information. However, recent innovations in quantum error correction and magic state distillation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-18 Luke E. Heyfron , Earl Campbell

The non-local interactions in several quantum device architectures allow for the realization of more compact quantum encodings while retaining the same degree of protection against noise. Anticipating that short to medium-length codes will…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Shubham P. Jain , Victor V. Albert

One of the most promising routes towards fault-tolerant quantum computation utilizes topological quantum error correcting codes, such as the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ surface code. Logical qubits can be encoded in a variety of ways in the surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-11 Ali Lavasani , Maissam Barkeshli

We study ancilla-free approximation of single-qubit unitaries $U\in {\rm SU}(2)$ by gate sequences over Clifford+$G$, where $G\in\{T,V\}$ or their generalization. Let $p$ denote the characteristic factor of the gate set (e.g., $p=2$ for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Kaoru Sano , Hayata Morisaki , Seiseki Akibue