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Language models trained on web-scale corpora risk memorizing and exposing sensitive information, prompting the need for effective machine unlearning. Prior methods mainly focus on input queries to suppress sensitive outputs, yet this often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Junbeom Kim , Kyuyoung Kim , Jihoon Tack , Dongha Lim , Jinwoo Shin

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent, their security vulnerabilities have already drawn attention. Machine unlearning is introduced to seek to mitigate these risks by removing the influence of undesirable data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Xiang Zhang , Kun Wei , Xu Yang , Jiahua Li , Su Yan , Cheng Deng

Existing continual learning (CL) methods mainly rely on fine-tuning or adapting large language models (LLMs). They still suffer from catastrophic forgetting (CF). Little work has been done to exploit in-context learning (ICL) to leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Saleh Momeni , Sahisnu Mazumder , Zixuan Ke , Bing Liu

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) in recent years has largely focused on English, resulting in models that respond exclusively in English. To adapt these models to other languages, continual pre-training (CP) is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Kuang-Ming Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Finding appropriate prompts for the specific task has become an important issue as the usage of Large Language Models (LLM) has expanded. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is widely used for prompt tuning, but its inherent instability and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Minchan Kwon , Gaeun Kim , Jongsuk Kim , Haeil Lee , Junmo Kim

Prompt learning is one of the most effective and trending ways to adapt powerful vision-language foundation models like CLIP to downstream datasets by tuning learnable prompt vectors with very few samples. However, although prompt learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Cairong Zhao , Yubin Wang , Xinyang Jiang , Yifei Shen , Kaitao Song , Dongsheng Li , Duoqian Miao

Generalizable alignment is a core challenge for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) safely in real-world NLP applications. Current alignment methods, including Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), often fail to guarantee…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Jaymari Chua , Chen Wang , Lina Yao

Human guidance in reinforcement learning (RL) is often impractical for large-scale applications due to high costs and time constraints. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising alternative to mitigate RL sample inefficiency and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Maryam Shoaeinaeini , Brent Harrison

Pre-trained language models (PLM) have marked a huge leap in neural dialogue modeling. While PLMs are pre-trained on large-scale text corpora, they are usually fine-tuned on scarce dialogue data with specific domain knowledge and dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Xiaodong Gu , Kang Min Yoo , Sang-Woo Lee

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in zero-shot Question Answering (QA), they tend to expose biases in their internal knowledge when faced with socially sensitive questions, leading to a degradation in performance. Existing zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Suyoung Bae , YunSeok Choi , Jee-Hyong Lee

Adapting language models to the clinical domain through continued pretraining and instruction tuning requires costly retraining for each new model generation. We propose Cross-Architecture Proxy Tuning (CAPT), a model-ensembling approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Sasha Ronaghi , Chloe Stanwyck , Asad Aali , Amir Ronaghi , Miguel Fuentes , Tina Hernandez-Boussard , Emily Alsentzer

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) generate structured chains of thought (CoTs) before producing final answers, making them especially vulnerable to knowledge leakage through intermediate reasoning steps. Yet, the memorization of sensitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Tuan Le , Wei Qian , Mengdi Huai

Language models (LMs) trained on vast quantities of unlabelled data have greatly advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP). In this study, we re-visit the widely accepted notion in NLP that continued pre-training LMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Zhengxiang Shi , Aldo Lipani

Autoregressive Large Language Models have transformed the landscape of Natural Language Processing. Pre-train and prompt paradigm has replaced the conventional approach of pre-training and fine-tuning for many downstream NLP tasks. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Prabin Bhandari

Generative models such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) trained on massive datasets can lead them to memorize and inadvertently reveal sensitive information, raising ethical and privacy concerns.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Zheyuan Liu , Guangyao Dou , Xiangchi Yuan , Chunhui Zhang , Zhaoxuan Tan , Meng Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as planners for language-instructed agents, generating sequences of actions to accomplish natural language tasks. However, their reliability remains a challenge, especially in long-horizon…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jun Wang , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Yiannis Kantaros

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have achieved remarkable performance for various language understanding tasks in IR systems, which require the fine-tuning process based on labeled training data. For low-resource scenarios, prompt-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Ziyun Xu , Chengyu Wang , Minghui Qiu , Fuli Luo , Runxin Xu , Songfang Huang , Jun Huang

Prompt tuning, a parameter- and data-efficient transfer learning paradigm that tunes only a small number of parameters in a model's input space, has become a trend in the vision community since the emergence of large vision-language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Yuhang Zang , Wei Li , Kaiyang Zhou , Chen Huang , Chen Change Loy

This study investigates the concept of the `right to be forgotten' within the context of large language models (LLMs). We explore machine unlearning as a pivotal solution, with a focus on pre-trained models--a notably under-researched area.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jin Yao , Eli Chien , Minxin Du , Xinyao Niu , Tianhao Wang , Zezhou Cheng , Xiang Yue

Machine unlearning aims to forget sensitive knowledge from Large Language Models (LLMs) while maintaining general utility. However, existing approaches typically treat all tokens in a response indiscriminately and enforce uncertainty over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Naixin Zhai , Pengyang Shao , Binbin Zheng , Yonghui Yang , Fei Shen , Long Bai , Xun Yang