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It is widely believed that deep neural networks contain layer specialization, wherein neural networks extract hierarchical features representing edges and patterns in shallow layers and complete objects in deeper layers. Unlike common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Avi Schwarzschild , Arjun Gupta , Amin Ghiasi , Micah Goldblum , Tom Goldstein

The integration of terahertz communications and ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output (UM-MIMO) systems in 6G networks is motivated by their ability to enable unprecedented data rates, mitigate spectrum congestion, and enhance…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-14 Dmitry Artemasov , Alexander Shmatok , Kirill Andreev , Alexey Frolov , Manjesh K. Hanawal , Nikola Zlatanov

Due to the highly parallelizable architecture, Transformer is faster to train than RNN-based models and popularly used in machine translation tasks. However, at inference time, each output word requires all the hidden states of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Chengyi Wang , Shuangzhi Wu , Shujie Liu

Large Transformer models routinely achieve state-of-the-art results on a number of tasks but training these models can be prohibitively costly, especially on long sequences. We introduce two techniques to improve the efficiency of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Nikita Kitaev , Łukasz Kaiser , Anselm Levskaya

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) sequentially process data by updating their state with each new data point, and have long been the de facto choice for sequence modeling tasks. However, their inherently sequential computation makes them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-06 Mostafa Dehghani , Stephan Gouws , Oriol Vinyals , Jakob Uszkoreit , Łukasz Kaiser

In neural machine translation (NMT), the most common practice is to stack a number of recurrent or feed-forward layers in the encoder and the decoder. As a result, the addition of each new layer improves the translation quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Raj Dabre , Atsushi Fujita

Accurate prediction of laminar-turbulent transition is a critical element of computational fluid dynamics simulations for aerodynamic design across multiple flow regimes. Traditional methods of transition prediction cannot be easily…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-06-17 Muhammad I. Zafar , Meelan M. Choudhari , Pedro Paredes , Heng Xiao

To model time-varying nonlinear temporal dynamics in sequential data, a recurrent network capable of varying and adjusting the recurrence depth between input intervals is examined. The recurrence depth is extended by several intermediate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-15 Hyunsin Park , Chang D. Yoo

Recurrent neural networks can learn complex transduction problems that require maintaining and actively exploiting a memory of their inputs. Such models traditionally consider memory and input-output functionalities indissolubly entangled.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Davide Bacciu , Antonio Carta , Alessandro Sperduti

Theoretical efforts to prove advantages of Transformers in comparison with classical architectures such as feedforward and recurrent neural networks have mostly focused on representational power. In this work, we take an alternative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-17 Alireza Mousavi-Hosseini , Clayton Sanford , Denny Wu , Murat A. Erdogdu

A key attribute that drives the unprecedented success of modern Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) on learning tasks which involve sequential data, is their ability to model intricate long-term temporal dependencies. However, a well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Alon Ziv

Recursive (looped) Transformers decouple computational depth from parameter depth by repeatedly applying shared layers, providing an explicit architectural primitive for iterative refinement and latent reasoning. However, early looped…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chengting Yu , Xiaobo Shu , Yadao Wang , Yizhen Zhang , Haoyi Wu , You Wu , Rujiao Long , Ziheng Chen , Yuchi Xu , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Models based on deep convolutional networks have dominated recent image interpretation tasks; we investigate whether models which are also recurrent, or "temporally deep", are effective for tasks involving sequences, visual and otherwise.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-06-02 Jeff Donahue , Lisa Anne Hendricks , Marcus Rohrbach , Subhashini Venugopalan , Sergio Guadarrama , Kate Saenko , Trevor Darrell

Transformers in their common form are inherently limited to operate on whole token sequences rather than on one token at a time. Consequently, their use during online inference on time-series data entails considerable redundancy due to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Lukas Hedegaard , Arian Bakhtiarnia , Alexandros Iosifidis

We present the discriminative recurrent sparse auto-encoder model, comprising a recurrent encoder of rectified linear units, unrolled for a fixed number of iterations, and connected to two linear decoders that reconstruct the input and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-03-20 Jason Tyler Rolfe , Yann LeCun

Transformers have become the dominant architecture for sequence modeling by using self-attention to enable expressive and highly parallel processing. However, the resulting quadratic time and memory costs limit efficiency in long-context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tristan Gaudreault , Yongyi Mao

While Transformer models have achieved remarkable success in various domains, the effectiveness of information propagation through deep networks remains a critical challenge. Standard hidden state residuals often fail to adequately preserve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zhanchao Zhou , Tianyi Wu , Zhiyun Jiang , Fares Obeid , Zhenzhong Lan

In this work we present a novel recurrent neural network architecture designed to model systems characterized by multiple characteristic timescales in their dynamics. The proposed network is composed by several recurrent groups of neurons…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-01-19 Filippo Maria Bianchi , Michael Kampffmeyer , Enrico Maiorino , Robert Jenssen

The brain cortex, which processes visual, auditory and sensory data in the brain, is known to have many recurrent connections within its layers and from higher to lower layers. But, in the case of machine learning with neural networks, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Sebastian Sanokowski

Autoregressive models (ARMs) are hindered by slow sequential inference. While masked diffusion models (MDMs) offer a parallel alternative, they suffer from critical drawbacks: high computational overhead from precluding Key-Value (KV)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jia-Nan Li , Jian Guan , Wei Wu , Chongxuan Li