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Multi-agent Large Language Model (LLM) systems create privacy risks that current benchmarks cannot measure. When agents coordinate on tasks, sensitive data passes through inter-agent messages, shared memory, and tool arguments, all pathways…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Faouzi El Yagoubi , Godwin Badu-Marfo , Ranwa Al Mallah

Amid the expanding use of pre-training data, the phenomenon of benchmark dataset leakage has become increasingly prominent, exacerbated by opaque training processes and the often undisclosed inclusion of supervised data in contemporary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Ruijie Xu , Zengzhi Wang , Run-Ze Fan , Pengfei Liu

Detecting biases in the outputs produced by generative models is essential to reduce the potential risks associated with their application in critical settings. However, the majority of existing methodologies for identifying biases in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Erica Coppolillo , Giuseppe Manco , Luca Maria Aiello

The rapid rise in popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) with emerging capabilities has spurred public curiosity to evaluate and compare different LLMs, leading many researchers to propose their own LLM benchmarks. Noticing preliminary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Timothy R. McIntosh , Teo Susnjak , Nalin Arachchilage , Tong Liu , Paul Watters , Malka N. Halgamuge

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across various tasks, but their deployment in high-stake domains requires consistent and coherent behavior across multiple rounds of user interaction. This paper introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yubo Li , Yidi Miao , Xueying Ding , Ramayya Krishnan , Rema Padman

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) in production environments has created an urgent need for observability systems that span the full stack -- from model internals to GPU kernels. Yet existing monitoring approaches address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Twinkll Sisodia

Large Language Models (LLMs) show significant potential in economic and strategic interactions, where communication via natural language is often prevalent. This raises key questions: Do LLMs behave rationally? How do they perform compared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Eilam Shapira , Omer Madmon , Itamar Reinman , Samuel Joseph Amouyal , Roi Reichart , Moshe Tennenholtz

The number and dynamic nature of web and mobile applications presents significant challenges for assessing their compliance with data protection laws. In this context, symbolic and statistical Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 David Rodriguez , Ian Yang , Jose M. Del Alamo , Norman Sadeh

Large language model (LLM) providers often hide the architectural details and parameters of their proprietary models by restricting public access to a limited API. In this work we show that, with only a conservative assumption about the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Matthew Finlayson , Xiang Ren , Swabha Swayamdipta

Current benchmarks for Large Language Models (LLMs) primarily focus on performance metrics, often failing to capture the nuanced behavioral characteristics that differentiate them. This paper introduces a novel ``Behavioral Fingerprinting''…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Zehua Pei , Hui-Ling Zhen , Ying Zhang , Zhiyuan Yang , Xing Li , Xianzhi Yu , Mingxuan Yuan , Bei Yu

We introduce DarkBench, a comprehensive benchmark for detecting dark design patterns--manipulative techniques that influence user behavior--in interactions with large language models (LLMs). Our benchmark comprises 660 prompts across six…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Esben Kran , Hieu Minh "Jord" Nguyen , Akash Kundu , Sami Jawhar , Jinsuk Park , Mateusz Maria Jurewicz

Large language models (LLMs) are entering clinical workflows as decision support tools, yet how they respond to explicit patient value statements -- the core content of shared decision-making -- remains unmeasured. We conducted a factorial…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sanjay Basu

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) as judges have emerged as a prominent approach for evaluating speech generation quality, yet their ability to assess speaker consistency across multi-turn dialogues remains unexplored. We present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jonggeun Lee , Junseong Pyo , Gyuhyeon Seo , Yohan Jo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used for automated evaluations and explaining them. However, concerns about explanation quality, consistency, and hallucinations remain open research challenges, particularly in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Vincent Freiberger , Arthur Fleig , Erik Buchmann

This paper surveys evaluation techniques to enhance the trustworthiness and understanding of Large Language Models (LLMs). As reliance on LLMs grows, ensuring their reliability, fairness, and transparency is crucial. We explore algorithmic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Nik Bear Brown

The evaluation of large language models (LLMs) relies heavily on standardized benchmarks. These benchmarks provide useful aggregated metrics for a given capability, but those aggregated metrics can obscure (i) particular sub-areas where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Matyas Bohacek , Nino Scherrer , Nicholas Dufour , Thomas Leung , Christoph Bregler , Stephanie C. Y. Chan

Open-weight large language models (LLMs) are usually named as model artifacts, but production users often consume them as hosted API services. This paper argues that the operational unit is a service object: a provider-specific,…

Performance · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Haorui Li , Zhenghui He , Xuanzi Liu , Yang Xu , Dongsheng Liu , Jiakang Ma , Lupan Wu , Yangjie Wu , Xiongchao Tang , Tianhui Shi

Stablecoins such as USDT and USDC aspire to peg stability by coupling issuance controls with reserve attestations. In practice, however, transparency remains fragmented across heterogeneous data sources, with key evidence about circulation,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yuexin Xiang , Yuchen Lei , Yuanzhe Zhang , Qin Wang , Tsz Hon Yuen , Andreas Deppeler , Jiangshan Yu

This survey investigates how classical software design patterns can enhance the reliability and scalability of communication in Large Language Model (LLM)-driven agentic AI systems, focusing particularly on the Model Context Protocol (MCP).…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Anjana Sarkar , Soumyendu Sarkar

Pilot readback of Air Traffic Control (ATC) voice instructions is a primary safeguard against miscommunication in air transportation. However, readback anomalies remain implicated in approximately 80% of aviation incidents. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Qihan Deng , Minghua Zhang , Yang Yang , Zhenyu Gao