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Blockchain is one of the most discussed and highly accepted technologies, primarily due to its application in almost every field where third parties are needed for trust. Blockchain technology relies on distributed consensus for trust,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Arman Rasoodl Faridi , Faraz Masood , Ali Haider Thabet Shamsan , Mohammad Luqman , Monir Yahya Salmony

Coded blockchains have acquired prominence as a promising solution to reduce storage costs and facilitate scalability. Within this class, Luby Transform (LT) coded blockchains are an appealing choice for scalability owing to the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Harikrishnan K. , J. Harshan , Anwitaman Datta

This paper studies known indexing structures from a new point of view: minimisation of data exchange between an IoT device acting as a blockchain client and the blockchain server running a protocol suite that includes two Guy Fawkes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Alex Shafarenko

Blockchain has received increasing attention in academia and industry. However, the increasing transaction volumes and limited on-chain storage underscore scalability as a key challenge hindering the widespread adoption of blockchain.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Xiaojie Wang , Hanxue Li , Ling Yi , Zhaolong Ning , Song Guo , Yan Zhang

The Layer 2 Atomic Cross-Blockchain Function Calls protocol allows composable programming across Ethereum blockchains. It allows for inter-contract and inter-blockchain function calls that are both synchronous and atomic: if one part fails,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Peter Robinson , Raghavendra Ramesh

Layer 2 systems have received increasing attention due to their potential to scale the throughput of L1 blockchains. To avoid the cost of putting data on chain, these systems increasingly turn to off-chain data availability solutions such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ertem Nusret Tas , Dan Boneh

Blockchain systems face significant scalability challenges due to growing data volumes and increasing transaction demands, necessitating more efficient data structures and verification mechanisms. Verkle trees, a novel data structure…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhikai Li , Xuekai Liu , Boyuan Xu , Eric Chen , Bhaskar Krishnamachari

As quantum computing advances toward practical deployment, it threatens a wide range of classical cryptographic mechanisms, including digital signatures, key exchange protocols, public-key encryption, and certain hash-based constructions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Tushin Mallick , Maya Zeldin , Murat Cenk , Cristina Nita-Rotaru

Cryptocurrencies are poised to revolutionize the modern economy by democratizing commerce. These currencies operate on top of blockchain-based distributed ledgers. Existing permissionless blockchain-based protocols offer unparalleled…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Anurag Jain , Sanidhay Arora , Sankarshan Damle , Sujit Gujar

Current blockchains do not provide any security guarantees to the smart contracts and their users as far as the content of the transactions is concerned. In the spirit of decentralization and censorship resistance, they follow the paradigm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Martin Derka , Jan Gorzny , Diego Siqueira , Donato Pellegrino , Marius Guggenmos , Zhiyang Chen

Blockchains use peer-to-peer networks for disseminating information among peers, but these networks currently do not have any provable guarantees for desirable properties such as Byzantine fault tolerance, good connectivity and small…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Vijeth Aradhya , Seth Gilbert , Aquinas Hobor

At the core of each blockchain system, parties communicate through a peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay. Unfortunately, recent evidence suggests these P2P overlays represent a significant bottleneck for transaction throughput and scalability.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Naqib Zarin , Isaac Sheff , Stefanie Roos

Quantum computing poses fundamental risks to classical blockchain systems by undermining widely used cryptographic primitives. In response, two major research directions have emerged: post-quantum blockchains, which integrate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Saurav Ghosh , Niloy Deb Roy Mishu

Blockchain has evolved into a platform for decentralized applications, with beneficial properties like high integrity, transparency, and resilience against censorship and tampering. However, blockchains are closed-world systems which do not…

Blockchain technology transformed the digital sphere by providing a transparent, secure, and decentralized platform for data security across a range of industries, including cryptocurrencies and supply chain management. Blockchain's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Bilash Saha , Md Mehedi Hasan , Nafisa Anjum , Sharaban Tahora , Aiasha Siddika , Hossain Shahriar

This research investigates the potential use of a blockchain-based Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) within an organization and compares it to conventional PKI systems. The goal is to assess the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Julian Springer , Philipp Haindl

Blockchain networks provide a reliable trust anchor to decentralized applications (DApps) backed by smart contracts. The Ethereum ecosystem now encompasses most blockchain networks that provide compatible support for smart contracts code.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Cătălina Lazăr , Gabriela Secrieru , Emanuel Onica

Blockchain technology has emerged as a revolutionary tool in ensuring data integrity and security in digital transactions. However, the current approaches to data verification in blockchain systems, particularly in Ethereum, face challenges…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Oleksandr Kuznetsov , Alex Rusnak , Anton Yezhov , Dzianis Kanonik , Kateryna Kuznetsova , Stanislav Karashchuk

Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies have received significant interest in various areas beyond the financial sector, with profound applications in the Internet of Things (IoT), providing the means for creating truly trustless and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Sotirios Brotsis , Konstantinos Limniotis , Gueltoum Bendiab , Nicholas Kolokotronis , Stavros Shiaeles

In this paper we describe the design components of the heterogenous multi-chain protocol Polkadot and explain how these components help Polkadot address some of the existing shortcomings of blockchain technologies. At present, a vast number…