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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems rely heavily on the retrieval stage, particularly the coarse-ranking process. Existing coarse-ranking optimization approaches often struggle to balance domain-specific knowledge learning with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Hao Lin , Peitong Xie , Jingxue Chen , Jie Lin , Qingkun Tang , Qianchun Lu

The rapid increase in the number of parameters in large language models (LLMs) has significantly increased the cost involved in fine-tuning and retraining LLMs, a necessity for keeping models up to date and improving accuracy.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Michael Shen , Muhammad Umar , Kiwan Maeng , G. Edward Suh , Udit Gupta

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by retrieving external data to mitigate hallucinations and outdated knowledge issues. Benefiting from the strong ability in facilitating diverse data sources and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Tianzhe Zhao , Jiaoyan Chen , Yanchi Ru , Haiping Zhu , Nan Hu , Jun Liu , Qika Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced artificial intelligence by enabling human-like text generation and natural language understanding. However, their reliance on static training data limits their ability to respond to dynamic,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Aditi Singh , Abul Ehtesham , Saket Kumar , Tala Talaei Khoei , Athanasios V. Vasilakos

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a cornerstone for knowledge-intensive tasks. However, the efficacy of RAG is often bottlenecked by the ``one-size-fits-all'' retrieval paradigm, as different queries exhibit distinct…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tong Zhao , Yutao Zhu , Yucheng Tian , Zhicheng Dou

Incident response (IR) requires fast, coordinated, and well-informed decision-making to contain and mitigate cyber threats. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise as autonomous agents in simulated IR settings, their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zefang Liu , Arman Anwar

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge, but its openness introduces vulnerabilities that can be exploited by poisoning attacks. Existing poisoning methods for RAG…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chunyang Li , Junwei Zhang , Anda Cheng , Zhuo Ma , Xinghua Li , Jianfeng Ma

With powerful and integrative large language models (LLMs), medical AI agents have demonstrated unique advantages in providing personalized medical consultations, continuous health monitoring, and precise treatment plans.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zhipeng Liao , Kunming Shao , Jiangnan Yu , Liang Zhao , Tim Kwang-Ting Cheng , Chi-Ying Tsui , Jie Yang , Mohamad Sawan

Multi-agent LLM systems for code generation face a fundamental routing problem: the optimal orchestration topology depends on the structural complexity of the code under modification, yet existing systems select topologies without…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Abhijit Talluri , Pujith Anne , Bhagavan Choudary Pendiyala , Raghavendra Chilukuri

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph-RAG) enhances multihop question answering by organizing corpora into knowledge graphs and routing evidence through relational structure. However, practical deployments face two persistent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jiate Liu , Zebin Chen , Shaobo Qiao , Mingchen Ju , Danting Zhang , Bocheng Han , Shuyue Yu , Xin Shu , Jingling Wu , Dong Wen , Xin Cao , Guanfeng Liu , Zhengyi Yang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge, making them adaptable and cost-effective for various applications. However, the growing reliance on these systems also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yucheng Zhang , Qinfeng Li , Tianyu Du , Xuhong Zhang , Xinkui Zhao , Zhengwen Feng , Jianwei Yin

We present a comprehensive framework for enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems through dynamic retrieval strategies and reinforcement fine-tuning. This approach significantly improves large language models on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sakhinana Sagar Srinivas , Akash Das , Shivam Gupta , Venkataramana Runkana

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are usually defined by the combination of a generator and a retrieval component that extracts textual context from a knowledge base to answer user queries. However, such basic implementations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Pietro Ferrazzi , Milica Cvjeticanin , Alessio Piraccini , Davide Giannuzzi

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the factual accuracy of large language models (LLMs) by conditioning outputs on external knowledge sources. However, when retrieval involves private or sensitive data, RAG systems are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Haoran Wang , Xiongxiao Xu , Baixiang Huang , Kai Shu

Persistent memory attacks against LLM agents achieve high attack success rates against open-source models. In these attacks, malicious instructions injected via RAG-retrieved documents are stored in persistent memory and executed in later…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jun Wen Leong

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves factual grounding in large language models but suffers from substantial latency due to synchronous retrieval. While recent work explores asynchronous retrieval, existing approaches rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wuyang Zhang , Shichao Pei

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate grounded responses by leveraging external knowledge databases without altering model parameters. Although the absence of weight tuning prevents leakage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ali Naseh , Yuefeng Peng , Anshuman Suri , Harsh Chaudhari , Alina Oprea , Amir Houmansadr

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems commonly adopt retrieval fusion techniques such as multi-query retrieval and reciprocal rank fusion (RRF) to increase document recall, under the assumption that higher recall leads to better…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Luigi Medrano , Arush Verma , Mukul Chhabra

Structured security logs are critical for detecting advanced persistent threats (APTs). Large language models (LLMs) struggle in this domain due to limited context and domain mismatch. We propose \textbf{DM-RAG}, a dual-memory…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Anbi Guo , Mahfuza Farooque

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to extend their existing knowledge by dynamically incorporating external information. However, practical deployment is fundamentally constrained by the LLM's finite…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jiarui Guo , Yuemeng Xu , Zongwei Lv , Yangyujia Wang , Xiaolin Wang , Kan Liu , Tao Lan , Lin Qu , Tong Yang
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