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Sequence-to-sequence tasks often benefit from long contexts, but the quadratic complexity of self-attention in standard Transformers renders this non-trivial. During generation, temporary representations -stored in the so-called KV…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Vivek Chari , Guanghui Qin , Benjamin Van Durme

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at multi-step reasoning problems with explicit chain-of-thought (CoT), but verbose traces incur significant computational costs and memory overhead, and often carry redundant, stylistic artifacts. Latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Anna Kuzina , Maciej Pioro , Paul N. Whatmough , Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant improvements in contextual understanding. However, their ability to attend to truly critical information during long-context reasoning and generation still falls behind the pace.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yiju Guo , Wenkai Yang , Zexu Sun , Ning Ding , Zhiyuan Liu , Yankai Lin

We present an explainable, bias-aware generative framework that unifies cross-modal attention fusion, Grad-CAM++ attribution, and a Reveal-to-Revise feedback loop within a single training paradigm. The architecture couples a conditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Noor Islam S. Mohammad , Md Muntaqim Meherab

Variational autoencoders have been widely applied for natural language generation, however, there are two long-standing problems: information under-representation and posterior collapse. The former arises from the fact that only the last…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Xianghong Fang , Haoli Bai , Zenglin Xu , Michael Lyu , Irwin King

When and how can an attention mechanism learn to selectively attend to informative tokens, thereby enabling detection of weak, rare, and sparsely located features? We address these questions theoretically in a sparse-token classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nicholas Barnfield , Hugo Cui , Yue M. Lu

Scaling language models to long contexts is often bottlenecked by the size of the key-value (KV) cache. In deployed settings, long contexts are typically managed through compaction in token space via summarization. However, summarization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Adam Zweiger , Xinghong Fu , Han Guo , Yoon Kim

Transformer attention scales quadratically with sequence length O(n^2), limiting long-context use. We propose Adaptive Retention, a probabilistic, layer-wise token selection mechanism that learns which representations to keep under a strict…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 S M Rafiuddin , Muntaha Nujat Khan

Sequence models lie at the heart of modern deep learning. However, rapid advancements have produced a diversity of seemingly unrelated architectures, such as Transformers and recurrent alternatives. In this paper, we introduce a unifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Ke Alexander Wang , Jiaxin Shi , Emily B. Fox

Structured dilated attention has an appealing inference-time efficiency knob: it reduces the FLOPs of attention and the KV cache size by a factor of the dilation size D, while preserving long-range connectivity. While prior work studies it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiuying Wei , Caglar Gulcehre

Large language model compression has made substantial progress through pruning, quantization, and low-rank decomposition, yet a fundamental limitation persists across all existing methods: compression budgets are allocated without any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Rishaank Gupta

Slim attention shrinks the context memory size by 2x for transformer models with MHA (multi-head attention), which can speed up inference by up to 2x for large context windows. Slim attention is an exact, mathematically identical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Nils Graef , Andrew Wasielewski

Autoregressive Transformers adopted in Large Language Models (LLMs) are hard to scale to long sequences. Despite several works trying to reduce their computational cost, most of LLMs still adopt attention layers between all pairs of tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Sotiris Anagnostidis , Dario Pavllo , Luca Biggio , Lorenzo Noci , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

Adapting pretrained models typically involves a trade-off between the high training costs of backpropagation and the heavy inference overhead of memory-based or in-context learning. We propose FAAST, a forward-only associative adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Guangsheng Bao , Hongbo Zhang , Han Cui , Ke Sun , Yanbin Zhao , Juncai He , Yue Zhang

Real-world applications are stretching context windows to hundreds of thousand of tokens while Large Language Models (LLMs) swell from billions to trillions of parameters. This dual expansion send compute and memory costs skyrocketing,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Ling Xing , Alex Jinpeng Wang , Rui Yan , Xiangbo Shu , Jinhui Tang

We present Top-Theta (Top-$\theta$) Attention, a training-free method for sparsifying transformer attention during inference. Our key insight is that static, per-head thresholds can be calibrated to retain the desired constant number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Konstantin Berestizshevsky , Renzo Andri , Lukas Cavigelli

Transformers have revolutionized natural language processing, but their quadratic complexity with respect to sequence length remains a fundamental bottleneck for long-range modeling. While sparse attention mechanisms like RingAttention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu

The quadratic complexity of the attention module makes it gradually become the bulk of compute in Transformer-based LLMs during generation. Moreover, the excessive key-value cache that arises when dealing with long inputs also brings severe…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Siyu Ren , Qi Jia , Kenny Q. Zhu

Sparse attention as a efficient method can significantly decrease the computation cost, but current sparse attention tend to rely on window self attention which block the global information flow. For this problem, we present Shifted Cross…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Yuxiang Guo

Scaling inference for large language models (LLMs) is increasingly constrained by limited GPU memory, especially due to growing key-value (KV) caches required for long-context generation. While existing approaches offload KV caches to CPU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Weishu Deng , Yujie Yang , Peiran Du , Lingfeng Xiang , Zhen Lin , Chen Zhong , Song Jiang , Hui Lu , Jia Rao