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We propose RecaLLM, a set of reasoning language models post-trained to make effective use of long-context information. In-context retrieval, which identifies relevant evidence from context, and reasoning are deeply intertwined: retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Kyle Whitecross , Negin Rahimi

Recent approaches to real-time long video generation typically employ streaming tuning strategies, attempting to train a long-context student using a short-context (memoryless) teacher. In these frameworks, the student performs long…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Shuo Chen , Cong Wei , Sun Sun , Ping Nie , Kai Zhou , Ge Zhang , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Wenhu Chen

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have been applied in diverse areas such as knowledge bases, human interfaces, and dynamic agents, and marking a stride towards achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). However, current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yunpeng Huang , Jingwei Xu , Junyu Lai , Zixu Jiang , Taolue Chen , Zenan Li , Yuan Yao , Xiaoxing Ma , Lijuan Yang , Hao Chen , Shupeng Li , Penghao Zhao

A major limitation for the broader scope of problems solvable by transformers is the quadratic scaling of computational complexity with input size. In this study, we investigate the recurrent memory augmentation of pre-trained transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Aydar Bulatov , Yuri Kuratov , Yermek Kapushev , Mikhail S. Burtsev

Processing long contexts remains a challenge for large language models (LLMs) due to the quadratic computational and memory overhead of the self-attention mechanism and the substantial KV cache sizes during generation. We propose LLoCO, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Sijun Tan , Xiuyu Li , Shishir Patil , Ziyang Wu , Tianjun Zhang , Kurt Keutzer , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Raluca Ada Popa

The limited context window of contemporary large language models (LLMs) remains a huge barrier to their broader application across various domains. While continual pre-training on long-context data is a straightforward and effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Wei Han , Pan Zhou , Soujanya Poria , Shuicheng Yan

Context retrieval systems for LLM inference face a critical challenge: high retrieval latency creates a fundamental tension between waiting for complete context (poor time-to-first-token) and proceeding without it (reduced quality).…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rajveer Bachkaniwala , Chengqi Luo , Richard So , Divya Mahajan , Kexin Rong

The capabilities of transformer networks such as ChatGPT and other Large Language Models (LLMs) have captured the world's attention. The crucial computational mechanism underlying their performance relies on transforming a complete input…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Lyle Muller , Patricia S. Churchland , Terrence J. Sejnowski

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in reasoning and prediction across different domains. Yet, their ability to infer temporal regularities from structured behavioral data remains underexplored. This paper…

Large language models (LMs) are currently trained to predict tokens given document prefixes, enabling them to directly perform long-form generation and prompting-style tasks which can be reduced to document completion. Existing pretraining…

Current generation of memory-augmented neural networks has limited scalability as they cannot efficiently process data that are too large to fit in the external memory storage. One example of this is lifelong learning scenario where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Hyunwoo Jung , Moonsu Han , Minki Kang , Sungju Hwang

Scaling language models to longer contexts is essential for capturing rich dependencies across extended discourse. However, na\"ive context extension imposes significant computational and memory burdens, often resulting in inefficiencies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wenhao Li , Bangcheng Sun , Weihao Ye , Tianyi Zhang , Daohai Yu , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly capable of completing knowledge intensive tasks by recalling information from a static pretraining corpus. Here we are concerned with LLMs in the context of evolving data requirements. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 William Fleshman , Aleem Khan , Marc Marone , Benjamin Van Durme

Recently proposed evaluation benchmarks aim to characterize the effective context length and the forgetting tendencies of large language models (LLMs). However, these benchmarks often rely on simplistic 'needle in a haystack' retrieval or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Raquib Bin Yousuf , Aadyant Khatri , Shengzhe Xu , Mandar Sharma , Naren Ramakrishnan

AI applications increasingly depend on long-context inference, where LLMs consume substantial context to support stronger reasoning. Common examples include retrieval-augmented generation, agent memory layers, and multi-agent orchestration.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yinsicheng Jiang , Yeqi Huang , Liang Cheng , Cheng Deng , Xuan Sun , Luo Mai

Low sample efficiency is an enduring challenge of reinforcement learning (RL). With the advent of versatile large language models (LLMs), recent works impart common-sense knowledge to accelerate policy learning for RL processes. However, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Fuxiang Zhang , Junyou Li , Yi-Chen Li , Zongzhang Zhang , Yang Yu , Deheng Ye

Memory systems often organize user-agent interactions as retrievable external memory and are crucial for long-running agents by overcoming the limited context windows of LLMs. However, existing memory systems invoke LLMs to process every…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zijie Dai , Shiyuan Deng , Sheng Guan , Yizhou Tian , Xin Yao , Xiao Yan , James Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across edge and cloud platforms for real-time question-answering and retrieval-augmented generation. However, processing lengthy contexts in distributed systems incurs high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Camille Couturier , Spyros Mastorakis , Haiying Shen , Saravan Rajmohan , Victor Rühle

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful in-context learning capabilities. However, their predictions can be disrupted by factually correct context, a phenomenon known as context hijacking, revealing a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Tianle Li , Chenyang Zhang , Xingwu Chen , Yuan Cao , Difan Zou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks. However, they are prone to contextual hallucination, generating information that is either unsubstantiated or contradictory to the given context.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Siyi Liu , Kishaloy Halder , Zheng Qi , Wei Xiao , Nikolaos Pappas , Phu Mon Htut , Neha Anna John , Yassine Benajiba , Dan Roth