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Advanced reasoning models with agentic capabilities (AI agents) are deployed to interact with humans and to solve sequential decision-making problems under (approximate) utility functions and internal models. When such problems have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Daniel Jarne Ornia , Nicholas Bishop , Joel Dyer , Wei-Chen Lee , Ani Calinescu , Doyne Farmer , Michael Wooldridge

When making everyday decisions, people are guided by their conscience, an internal sense of right and wrong. By contrast, artificial agents are currently not endowed with a moral sense. As a consequence, they may learn to behave immorally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Dan Hendrycks , Mantas Mazeika , Andy Zou , Sahil Patel , Christine Zhu , Jesus Navarro , Dawn Song , Bo Li , Jacob Steinhardt

We propose a general approach to quantitatively assessing the risk and vulnerability of artificial intelligence (AI) systems to biased decisions. The guiding principle of the proposed approach is that any AI algorithm must outperform a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Shun Ide , Allison Blunt , Djallel Bouneffouf

AI technology has a long history which is actively and constantly changing and growing. It focuses on intelligent agents, which contain devices that perceive the environment and based on which takes actions in order to maximize goal success…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-05 Jahanzaib Shabbir , Tarique Anwer

Cybersecurity decision-making increasingly occurs in environments characterized by uncertainty, partial observability, and adversarial manipulation, where heterogeneous signals from multiple sources are often incomplete, ambiguous, or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Andrei Kojukhov , Arkady Bovshover

The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) will bring with it an ever-increasing willingness to cede decision-making to machines. But rather than just giving machines the power to make decisions that affect us, we need ways to work…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Elisa Bertino , Finale Doshi-Velez , Maria Gini , Daniel Lopresti , David Parkes

Uses of artificial intelligence (AI), especially those powered by machine learning approaches, are growing in sectors and societies around the world. How will AI adoption proceed, especially in the international security realm? Research on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Michael C. Horowitz , Lauren Kahn

AI is moving from domain-specific autonomy in closed, predictable settings to large-language-model-driven agents that plan and act in open, cross-organizational environments. As a result, the cybersecurity risk landscape is changing in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Alsharif Abuadbba , Nazatul Sultan , Surya Nepal , Sanjay Jha

Advances in AI are widely understood to have implications for cybersecurity. Articles have emphasized the effect of AI on the cyber offense-defense balance, and commentators can be found arguing either that cyber will privilege attackers or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Benjamin Murphy , Twm Stone

Agentic AI is shifting the cybersecurity landscape as attackers and defenders leverage AI agents to augment humans and automate common tasks. In this article, we examine the implications for cyber warfare and global politics as Agentic AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Sean Oesch , Jack Hutchins , Phillipe Austria , Amul Chaulagain

The excitement brought by the development of AI agents came alongside arising problems. These concerns centered around users' trust issues towards AIs, the risks involved, and the difficulty of attributing responsibilities and liabilities.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jiayun Mo , Xin Kang , Tieyan Li , Zhongding Lei

In a search and rescue scenario, rescuers may have different knowledge of the environment and strategies for exploration. Understanding what is inside a rescuer's mind will enable an observer agent to proactively assist them with critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Vidhi Jain , Rohit Jena , Huao Li , Tejus Gupta , Dana Hughes , Michael Lewis , Katia Sycara

Current approaches to AI governance often fall short in anticipating a future where AI agents manage critical tasks, such as financial operations, administrative functions, and beyond. While cryptocurrencies could serve as the foundation…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Tomer Jordi Chaffer

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems will increasingly be used to cause harm as they grow more capable. In fact, AI systems are already starting to be used to automate fraudulent activities, violate human rights, create harmful fake images,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Markus Anderljung , Julian Hazell

The discourse on risks from advanced AI systems ("AIs") typically focuses on misuse, accidents and loss of control, but the question of AIs' moral status could have negative impacts which are of comparable significance and could be realised…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Ines Fernandez , Nicoleta Kyosovska , Jay Luong , Gabriel Mukobi

Autonomous AI agents can now programmatically hire human workers through marketplaces using REST APIs and Model Context Protocol (MCP) integrations. This creates an attack surface analogous to CAPTCHA-solving services but with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Pulak Mehta

Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents have rapidly evolved from specialized, rule-based programs to versatile, learning-driven autonomous systems capable of perception, reasoning, and action in complex environments. The explosion of data,…

Agent based systems are more common than we may think. A Promise Theory perspective on cooperation, in systems of human-machine agents, offers a unified perspective on organization and functional design with semi-automated efforts, in terms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 M. Burgess

Imagine a world where AI can handle your work while you sleep - organizing your research materials, drafting a report, or creating a presentation you need for tomorrow. However, while current digital agents can perform simple tasks, they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Yanheng He , Jiahe Jin , Shijie Xia , Jiadi Su , Runze Fan , Haoyang Zou , Xiangkun Hu , Pengfei Liu

AI-based systems have been used widely across various industries for different decisions ranging from operational decisions to tactical and strategic ones in low- and high-stakes contexts. Gradually the weaknesses and issues of these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Morteza Saberi