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Recent AI systems compress the distance between capability growth and capability deployment. Earlier high-risk technologies were slowed by capital intensity, physical bottlenecks, organizational inertia, and specialized supply chains. By…
In today's evolving threat landscape, ensuring digital sovereignty has become mandatory for military organizations, especially given their increased development and investment in AI-driven cyber security solutions. To this end, a…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a foundational general-purpose technology, raising new dilemmas of sovereignty in an interconnected world. While governments seek greater control over it, the very foundations of AI--global data…
This paper presents a proposal for the governance of frontier AI systems through a hybrid public-private system. Private bodies, authorized and overseen by government, provide certifications to developers of frontier AI systems on an opt-in…
Digital sovereignty has emerged as a central concern for modern software-intensive systems, driven by the dominance of non-sovereign cloud infrastructures, the rapid adoption of Generative AI, and increasingly stringent regulatory…
A spirited debate is taking place over the regulation of open foundation models: artificial intelligence models whose underlying architectures and parameters are made public and can be inspected, modified, and run by end users. Proposed…
Military and economic strategic competitiveness between nation-states will increasingly be defined by the capability and cost of their frontier artificial intelligence models. Among the first areas of geopolitical advantage granted by such…
The governance of frontier general-purpose artificial intelligence has become a public-sector problem of institutional design, not merely a technical issue of model performance. Recent evidence indicates that AI capabilities are advancing…
Across academia, industry, and government, ``AI'' has become central in research and development, regulatory debates, and promises of ever faster and more capable decision-making and action. In numerous domains, especially safety-critical…
Risk thresholds provide a measure of the level of risk exposure that a society or individual is willing to withstand, ultimately shaping how we determine the safety of technological systems. Against the backdrop of the Cold War, the first…
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the strategic imperative for healthcare organizations to develop proprietary foundation models rather than relying exclusively on commercial alternatives. We examine four fundamental…
AI systems increasingly support human decision-making across domains of professional, skill-based, and personal activity. While previous work has examined how AI might affect human autonomy globally, the effects of AI on domain-specific…
"Sovereignty" is increasingly a part of national AI policies and strategies. At the same time that "sovereignty" is invoked as a priority for global AI policy, it is also being commodified along the AI stack. Companies now sell "sovereign"…
Deploying successful software-reliant systems that address their mission goals and user needs within cost, resource, and expected quality constraints require design trade-offs. These trade-offs dictate how systems are structured and how…
Advanced AI models hold the promise of tremendous benefits for humanity, but society needs to proactively manage the accompanying risks. In this paper, we focus on what we term "frontier AI" models: highly capable foundation models that…
As artificial intelligence scales, the concepts of alignment, agency, and autonomy have become central to AI safety, governance, and control. However, even in human contexts, these terms lack universal definitions, varying across…
The rapid expansion of AI-based remote services has intensified debates about the long-term implications of growing structural concentration in infrastructure and expertise. As AI capabilities become increasingly intertwined with…
The governance of open-weight artificial intelligence (AI) models has been framed as a binary choice: openness as risk, restriction as safety. This paper challenges that framing, arguing that access restrictions, without governed…
Today's leading AI models engage in sophisticated behaviour when placed in strategic competition. They spontaneously attempt deception, signaling intentions they do not intend to follow; they demonstrate rich theory of mind, reasoning about…
This year, jurisdictions worldwide, including the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and China, are set to enact or revise laws governing frontier AI. Their efforts largely rely on the assumption that increasing model…