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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have recently shown remarkable advancements by integrating retrieval mechanisms into language models, enhancing their ability to produce more accurate and contextually relevant responses.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Siran Li , Linus Stenzel , Carsten Eickhoff , Seyed Ali Bahrainian

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is key to enhancing large language models (LLMs) to systematically access richer factual knowledge. Yet, using RAG brings intrinsic challenges, as LLMs must deal with potentially conflicting knowledge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Leonardo Ranaldi , Federico Ranaldi , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

The Context-Compliance Regime in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) occurs when retrieved context dominates the final answer even when it conflicts with the model's parametric knowledge. Accuracy alone does not reveal how retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yihang Chen , Pin Qian , Su Wang , Sipeng Zhang , Huan Xu , Shuhuai Lin , Xinpeng Wei

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems rely on retrieval models for identifying relevant contexts and answer generation models for utilizing those contexts. However, retrievers exhibit imperfect recall and precision, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jerry Huang , Siddarth Madala , Risham Sidhu , Cheng Niu , Hao Peng , Julia Hockenmaier , Tong Zhang

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a commonly used approach for enhancing large language models (LLMs) with relevant and up-to-date information. However, the retrieved sources can often contain conflicting information and it remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Arie Cattan , Alon Jacovi , Ori Ram , Jonathan Herzig , Roee Aharoni , Sasha Goldshtein , Eran Ofek , Idan Szpektor , Avi Caciularu

To improve the reliability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in clinical applications, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is extensively applied to provide factual medical knowledge. However, beyond general medical knowledge from open-ended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Justice Ou , Tinglin Huang , Yilun Zhao , Ziyang Yu , Peiqing Lu , Rex Ying

Despite the promise of Retrieval-Augmented Generation in grounding Multimodal Large Language Models with external knowledge, the transition to extensive contexts often leads to significant attention dilution and reasoning hallucinations.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Junming Liu , Yuqi Li , Shiping Wen , Zhigang Zeng , Tingwen Huang

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant capabilities, their reliance on parametric knowledge often leads to inaccuracies. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this by incorporating external knowledge, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hailong Yin , Bin Zhu , Jingjing Chen , Chong-Wah Ngo

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) remains unreliable in long-form settings, where retrieved evidence is noisy or contradictory, making it difficult for RAG pipelines to maintain factual consistency. Existing approaches focus on retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Qingying Niu , Yuhao Wang , Ruiyang Ren , Bohui Fang , Wayne Xin Zhao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves performance on knowledge-intensive tasks but can be derailed by wrong, irrelevant, or conflicting retrieved text, causing models to rely on inaccurate evidence and cascade errors. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Chenyu Lin , Yilin Wen , Du Su , Hexiang Tan , Fei Sun , Muhan Chen , Chenfu Bao , Zhonghou Lyu

We present UncertaintyRAG, a novel approach for long-context Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) that utilizes Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)-based span uncertainty to estimate similarity between text chunks. This span uncertainty enhances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zixuan Li , Jing Xiong , Fanghua Ye , Chuanyang Zheng , Xun Wu , Jianqiao Lu , Zhongwei Wan , Xiaodan Liang , Chengming Li , Zhenan Sun , Lingpeng Kong , Ngai Wong

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds large language models (LLMs) in external evidence, but fails when retrieved sources conflict or contain outdated or subjective information. Prior work address these issues independently but lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Shubham Mishra , Samyek Jain , Gorang Mehrishi , Shiv Tiwari , Harsh Sharma , Pratik Narang , Dhruv Kumar

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) works as a backbone for interacting with an enterprise's own data via Conversational Question Answering (ConvQA). In a RAG system, a retriever fetches passages from a collection in response to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Rishiraj Saha Roy , Joel Schlotthauer , Chris Hinze , Andreas Foltyn , Luzian Hahn , Fabian Kuech

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has advanced open-domain question answering by incorporating external information into model reasoning. However, effectively leveraging external information to enhance reasoning presents the following…

The proliferation of online misinformation has posed significant threats to public interest. While numerous online users actively participate in the combat against misinformation, many of such responses can be characterized by the lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Zhenrui Yue , Huimin Zeng , Yimeng Lu , Lanyu Shang , Yang Zhang , Dong Wang

The Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) framework utilizes a combination of parametric knowledge and external knowledge to demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on open-domain question answering tasks. However, the RAG framework suffers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Kiseung Kim , Jay-Yoon Lee

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MRAG) addresses key limitations of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), such as hallucination and outdated knowledge. However, current MRAG systems struggle to distinguish whether retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Xihang Wang , Zihan Wang , Chengkai Huang , Quan Z. Sheng , Lina Yao

Proprietary corporate documents contain rich domain-specific knowledge, but their overwhelming volume and disorganized structure make it difficult even for employees to access the right information when needed. For example, in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Nayoung Choi , Grace Byun , Andrew Chung , Ellie S. Paek , Shinsun Lee , Jinho D. Choi

The paper presents a methodology for uncovering knowledge gaps on the internet using the Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) model. By simulating user search behaviour, the RAG system identifies and addresses gaps in information retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Joan Figuerola Hurtado

Efficient question-answering (QA) over extensive scientific literature is essential for evidence-based engineering decision-making. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is increasingly applied to question-answering over long academic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Rui Yu , Tianyi Wang , Ruixia Liu , Yinglong Wang