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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the utility of Large Language Models (LLMs) by retrieving external documents. Since the knowledge databases in RAG are predominantly utilized via cloud services, private data in sensitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xinyuan Zhu , Zekun Fei , Enye Wang , Ruiqi He , Jia Guo , Ruijie Wang , Zheli Liu , Qingkai Zeng

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) remains unreliable in long-form settings, where retrieved evidence is noisy or contradictory, making it difficult for RAG pipelines to maintain factual consistency. Existing approaches focus on retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Qingying Niu , Yuhao Wang , Ruiyang Ren , Bohui Fang , Wayne Xin Zhao

This paper presents the Entity-Duet Neural Ranking Model (EDRM), which introduces knowledge graphs to neural search systems. EDRM represents queries and documents by their words and entity annotations. The semantics from knowledge graphs…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Zhenghao Liu , Chenyan Xiong , Maosong Sun , Zhiyuan Liu

The objective of knowledge graph embedding is to encode both entities and relations of knowledge graphs into continuous low-dimensional vector spaces. Previously, most works focused on symbolic representation of knowledge graph with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-14 Jiacheng Xu , Kan Chen , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) has emerged as a promising paradigm that organizes external knowledge into structured graphs of entities and relations, enabling large language models (LLMs) to perform complex reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jinyoung Park , Sanghyeok Lee , Omar Zia Khan , Hyunwoo J. Kim , Joo-Kyung Kim

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable achievements in various domains. However, the untimeliness and cost of knowledge updates coupled with hallucination issues of LLMs have curtailed their applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chunjing Gan , Dan Yang , Binbin Hu , Hanxiao Zhang , Siyuan Li , Ziqi Liu , Yue Shen , Lin Ju , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jinjie Gu , Lei Liang , Jun Zhou

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and its graph-based extensions (GraphRAG) are effective paradigms for improving large language model (LLM) reasoning by grounding generation in external knowledge. However, most existing RAG and GraphRAG…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dongzhe Fan , Zheyi Xue , Siyuan Liu , Qiaoyu Tan

Efficient question-answering (QA) over extensive scientific literature is essential for evidence-based engineering decision-making. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is increasingly applied to question-answering over long academic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Rui Yu , Tianyi Wang , Ruixia Liu , Yinglong Wang

In knowledge-intensive tasks, especially in high-stakes domains like medicine and law, it is critical not only to retrieve relevant information but also to provide causal reasoning and explainability. Large language models (LLMs) have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Hang Luo , Jian Zhang , Chujun Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced conversational Artificial Intelligence(AI) chatbots; however, domain-specific accuracy and the avoidance of factual inconsistencies remain pressing challenges, particularly for large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Olalekan K. Akindele , Bhupesh Kumar Mishra , Kenneth Y. Wertheim

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has significantly enhanced Large Language Models' ability to access external knowledge, yet current graph-based RAG approaches face two critical limitations in managing hierarchical information: they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Chunyu Wei , Huaiyu Qin , Siyuan He , Yunhai Wang , Yueguo Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become essential for large-scale code generation, grounding predictions in external code corpora to improve actuality. However, a critical yet underexplored aspect of RAG pipelines is chunking -- the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yilin Zhang , Xinran Zhao , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Chenyang Yang , Jiayi Wei , Tongshuang Wu

The use of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to retrieve relevant information from an external knowledge source enables large language models (LLMs) to answer questions over private and/or previously unseen document collections. However,…

Despite notable advancements in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems that expand large language model (LLM) capabilities through external retrieval, these systems often struggle to meet the complex and diverse needs of real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Jinyu Wang , Jingjing Fu , Rui Wang , Lei Song , Jiang Bian

Although retrieval-augmented generation(RAG) significantly improves generation quality by retrieving external knowledge bases and integrating generated content, it faces computational efficiency bottlenecks, particularly in knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zihang Li , Yangdong Ruan , Wenjun Liu , Zhengyang Wang , Tong Yang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful framework for enhancing the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating retrieval-based methods with generative models. As external knowledge repositories…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shuyi Liu , Yuming Shang , Xi Zhang

With the rapid development of large-scale language models, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been widely adopted. However, existing RAG paradigms are inevitably influenced by erroneous retrieval information, thereby reducing the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Ridong Wu , Shuhong Chen , Xiangbiao Su , Yuankai Zhu , Yifei Liao , Jianming Wu

Recent advances in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have shifted from simple vector similarity to structure-aware approaches like HippoRAG, which leverage Knowledge Graphs (KGs) and Personalized PageRank (PPR) to capture multi-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kwun Hang Lau , Fangyuan Zhang , Boyu Ruan , Yingli Zhou , Qintian Guo , Ruiyuan Zhang , Xiaofang Zhou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances LLMs by grounding generation in query-relevant external evidence. Beyond unstructured text corpora, Graph RAG integrates knowledge graphs into the retrieval pipeline, enabling LLMs to access…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jinze Gu , Qinghua Mao , Xi Lin , Jun Wu

Large language models (LLMs) excel in question-answering (QA) tasks, and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances their precision by incorporating external evidence from diverse sources like web pages, databases, and knowledge graphs.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Yikuan Xia , Jiazun Chen , Yirui Zhan , Suifeng Zhao , Weipeng Jiang , Chaorui Zhang , Wei Han , Bo Bai , Jun Gao