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Adapters provide an efficient and lightweight mechanism for adapting trained transformer models to a variety of different tasks. However, they have often been found to be outperformed by other adaptation mechanisms, including low-rank…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Jan-Martin O. Steitz , Stefan Roth

Transformer plays a vital role in the realms of natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV), specially for constructing large language models (LLM) and large vision models (LVM). Model compression methods reduce the memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yehui Tang , Yunhe Wang , Jianyuan Guo , Zhijun Tu , Kai Han , Hailin Hu , Dacheng Tao

We consider the modeling of the effect of unresolved scales, for two-dimensional and geophysical flows. We first show that the effect of small scales on a coarse-grained field, can be approximated at leading order, by the effect of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Freddy Bouchet

Transformer models are increasingly prevalent in various applications, yet our understanding of their internal workings remains limited. This paper investigates the modularity and task specialization of neurons within transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Nicholas Pochinkov , Thomas Jones , Mohammed Rashidur Rahman

The critical behavior of infinite families of shift symmetric interacting theories with higher derivative kinetic terms (non unitary) is considered. Single scalar theories with shift symmetry are classified according to their upper critical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-02-23 Mahmoud Safari , Andreas Stergiou , Gian Paolo Vacca , Omar Zanusso

We present AutoCompress, a transformer compression method motivated by an empirical finding: in small transformers, Layer 0 carries disproportionately high task-critical information, with an NTK-based importance score of 3.6 compared to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Archit Thorat

Large language model (LLM) tokenizers act as structured compressors: by mapping text to discrete token sequences, they determine token count (and thus compute and context usage) and the statistical structure seen by downstream models.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Mete Erdogan , Abhiram Gorle , Shubham Chandak , Mert Pilanci , Tsachy Weissman

Current LLM structured pruning methods typically involve two steps: (1) compression with calibration data and (2) costly continued pretraining on billions of tokens to recover lost performance. This second step is necessary as the first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yaya Sy , Christophe Cerisara , Irina Illina

Recently, transformers have shown strong ability as visual feature extractors, surpassing traditional convolution-based models in various scenarios. However, the success of vision transformers largely owes to their capacity to accommodate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Tianxiang Hao , Hui Chen , Yuchen Guo , Guiguang Ding

Multivariate fluctuation relations are established in three stochastic models of transistors, which are electronic devices with three ports and thus two coupled currents. In the first model, the transistor has no internal state variable and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-12-02 Jiayin Gu , Pierre Gaspard

As Vision Transformers (ViTs) become standard vision backbones, a mechanistic account of their computational phenomenology is essential. Despite architectural cues that hint at dynamical structure, there is no settled framework that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Mozes Jacobs , Thomas Fel , Richard Hakim , Alessandra Brondetta , Demba Ba , T. Andy Keller

Understanding why Transformers perform so well remains challenging due to their non-convex optimization landscape. In this work, we analyze a shallow Transformer with $m$ independent heads trained by projected gradient descent in the kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Enes Arda , Semih Cayci , Atilla Eryilmaz

While scaling Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated promising performance across various tasks, it also introduces redundant architectures, posing efficiency challenges for real-world deployment. Despite some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Shwai He , Guoheng Sun , Zheyu Shen , Ang Li

Large-scale Transformer models are known for their exceptional performance in a range of tasks, but training them can be difficult due to the requirement for communication-intensive model parallelism. One way to improve training speed is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Song Bian , Dacheng Li , Hongyi Wang , Eric P. Xing , Shivaram Venkataraman

Numerical simulations of turbulent fluids are paramount to real-life applications, from predicting and modeling flows to diagnostic purposes in engineering. However, they are also computationally challenging due to their intrinsically…

Recent work has shown that Transformers' compositional generalization is governed by \emph{complexity control}, initialization scale and weight decay, which steers training toward low-complexity reasoning solutions rather than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Sarwan Ali

Transformer architectures are designed by trial and error: the number of attention heads, the depth, and the head size are fixed before training begins, with no mathematical principle to guide the choice. The result is systematic structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Giansalvo Cirrincione

Time-frequency analysis, such as the Gabor transform, plays an important role in many signal processing applications. The redundancy of such representations is often directly related to the computational load of any algorithm operating in…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2015-05-13 Ewa Matusiak , Tomer Michaeli , Yonina C. Eldar

What structural inductive bias helps transformers reason over knowledge graphs? Through controlled ablations of a minimal transformer modification with four independently removable components (sparse adjacency masking, edge-type biases,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jonas Petersen , Camilla Mazzoleni , Gian-Alessandro Lombardi , Federico Martelli , Riccardo Maggioni

We demonstrate that Principal Component Analysis (PCA), when applied in a structured manner, either to polar-transformed images or segment-wise to token sequences, enables extreme compression of neural models without sacrificing…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Magnus Bengtsson