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We consider the problem of maintaining a proper $(\Delta + 1)$-vertex coloring in a graph on $n$-vertices and maximum degree $\Delta$ undergoing edge insertions and deletions. We give a randomized algorithm with amortized update time…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Maxime Flin , Magnús M. Halldórsson

We consider the problem of maintaining a $(1+\epsilon)\Delta$-edge coloring in a dynamic graph $G$ with $n$ nodes and maximum degree at most $\Delta$. The state-of-the-art update time is $O_\epsilon(\text{polylog}(n))$, by Duan, He and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Sayan Bhattacharya , Martín Costa , Nadav Panski , Shay Solomon

In this paper we study the number of vertex recolorings that an algorithm needs to perform in order to maintain a proper coloring of a graph under insertion and deletion of vertices and edges. We present two algorithms that achieve…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Luis Barba , Jean Cardinal , Matias Korman , Stefan Langerman , André van Renssen , Marcel Roeloffzen , Sander Verdonschot

The problem of (vertex) $(\Delta+1)$-coloring a graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ has been extremely well-studied over the years in various settings and models. Surprisingly, for the dynamic setting, almost nothing was known until recently.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Sayan Bhattacharya , Fabrizio Grandoni , Janardhan Kulkarni , Quanquan C. Liu , Shay Solomon

We provide novel deterministic distributed vertex coloring algorithms. As our main result, we give a deterministic distributed algorithm to compute a $(\Delta+1)$-coloring of an $n$-node graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Fabian Kuhn

We present trade-offs in the incremental and fully dynamic settings to maintian a proper coloring. For any fully dynamic $2$-coloring algorithm, the maximum of the update time, number of recolorings, and query time is $\Omega(\log n)$. We…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Manas Jyoti Kashyop , N. S. Narayanaswamy , Meghana Nasre , Sai Mohith Potluri

Several recent results from dynamic and sublinear graph coloring are surveyed. This problem is widely studied and has motivating applications like network topology control, constraint satisfaction, and real-time resource scheduling. Graph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Noam Benson-Tilsen

Vizing's theorem guarantees that every graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ admits an edge coloring using $\Delta + 1$ colors. In online settings - where edges arrive one at a time and must be colored immediately - a simple greedy algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Joakim Blikstad , Ola Svensson , Radu Vintan , David Wajc

We present three sublinear randomized algorithms for vertex-coloring of graphs with maximum degree $\Delta$. The first is a simple algorithm that extends the idea of Morris and Song to color graphs with maximum degree $\Delta$ using…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Asaf Ferber , Liam Hardiman , Xiaonan Chen

Recent breakthroughs in graph streaming have led to the design of single-pass semi-streaming algorithms for various graph coloring problems such as $(\Delta+1)$-coloring, degeneracy-coloring, coloring triangle-free graphs, and others. These…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Sepehr Assadi , Andrew Chen , Glenn Sun

A recent palette sparsification theorem of Assadi, Chen, and Khanna [SODA'19] states that in every $n$-vertex graph $G$ with maximum degree $\Delta$, sampling $O(\log{n})$ colors per each vertex independently from $\Delta+1$ colors almost…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Noga Alon , Sepehr Assadi

Vizing's celebrated theorem states that every simple graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ admits a $(\Delta+1)$ edge coloring which can be found in $O(m \cdot n)$ time on $n$-vertex $m$-edge graphs. This is just one color more than the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Sepehr Assadi

Vizing's theorem states that any graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ can be properly edge colored with at most $\Delta+1$ colors. In the online setting, it has been a matter of interest to find an algorithm that can properly edge color any…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Aditi Dudeja , Rashmika Goswami , Michael Saks

We show that any triangle-free graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ has chromatic number at most $\left(1+o(1)\right)\Delta/\log \Delta.$

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-12 Anders Martinsson

Brooks' theorem states that all connected graphs but odd cycles and cliques can be colored with $\Delta$ colors, where $\Delta$ is the maximum degree of the graph. Such colorings have been shown to admit non-trivial distributed algorithms…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Yann Bourreau , Sebastian Brandt , Alexandre Nolin

A new algorithm for exactly sampling from the set of proper colorings of a graph is presented. This is the first such algorithm that has an expected running time that is guaranteed to be linear in the size of a graph with maximum degree \(…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Kritika Bhandari , Mark Huber

In this paper we present a deterministic CONGEST algorithm to compute an $O(k\Delta)$-vertex coloring in $O(\Delta/k)+\log^* n$ rounds, where $\Delta$ is the maximum degree of the network graph and $1\leq k\leq O(\Delta)$ can be freely…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Yannic Maus

The distributed coloring problem is arguably one of the key problems studied in the area of distributed graph algorithms. The most standard variant of the problem asks for a proper vertex coloring of a graph with $\Delta+1$ colors, where…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Marc Fuchs , Fabian Kuhn

Given a dynamic graph subject to edge insertions and deletions, we show how to update an implicit representation of a proper vertex colouring, such that colours of vertices are computable upon query time. We give a deterministic algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Aleksander B. G. Christiansen , Krzysztof D. Nowicki , Eva Rotenberg

Graph coloring is one of the central problems in distributed graph algorithms. Much of the research on this topic has focused on coloring with $\Delta+1$ colors, where $\Delta$ denotes the maximum degree. Using $\Delta+1$ colors may be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-08-24 Mohsen Ghaffari , Christiana Lymouri