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Related papers: Measuring the Machine: Evaluating Generative AI as…

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The rapid growth of generative AI technologies has heightened the importance of effectively distinguishing between human and AI-generated content, as well as classifying outputs from diverse generative models. This paper presents a scalable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Anh-Kiet Duong , Petra Gomez-Krämer

For machine learning models to be most useful in numerous sociotechnical systems, many have argued that they must be human-interpretable. However, despite increasing interest in interpretability, there remains no firm consensus on how to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Andrew Slavin Ross , Nina Chen , Elisa Zhao Hang , Elena L. Glassman , Finale Doshi-Velez

The recent development of generative large language models (LLMs) poses new challenges for model evaluation that the research community and industry have been grappling with. While the versatile capabilities of these models ignite much…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Q. Vera Liao , Ziang Xiao

AI-powered answer engines are inherently non-deterministic: identical queries submitted at different times can produce different responses and cite different sources. Despite this stochastic behavior, current approaches to measuring domain…

Applications · Statistics 2026-03-11 Ronald Sielinski

Generative Artificial Intelligence is emerging as an important technology, promising to be transformative in many areas. At the same time, generative AI techniques are based on sampling from probabilistic models, and by default, they come…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Edgar Dobriban

In this paper, we argue that current AI research operates on a spectrum between two different underlying conceptions of intelligence: Intelligence Realism, which holds that intelligence represents a single, universal capacity measurable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Ninell Oldenburg , Ruchira Dhar , Anders Søgaard

In this paper we present the first steps towards hardening the science of measuring AI systems, by adopting metrology, the science of measurement and its application, and applying it to human (crowd) powered evaluations. We begin with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Chris Welty , Praveen Paritosh , Lora Aroyo

Human-AI collaboration research has largely positioned the human as a judge of AI output, centering effort on evaluating whether rec- ommendations are reliable enough to accept. This decision-support framing leaves little room for the human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Hugo Andersson , Niklas Elmqvist

The value alignment problem for artificial intelligence (AI) is often framed as a purely technical or normative challenge, sometimes focused on hypothetical future systems. I argue that the problem is better understood as a structural…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Travis LaCroix

We introduce generative interpretation, a new approach to estimating contractual meaning using large language models. As AI triumphalism is the order of the day, we proceed by way of grounded case studies, each illustrating the capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Yonathan A. Arbel , David Hoffman

The demand for innovation in product design necessitates a prolific ideation phase. Conversational AI (CAI) systems that use Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) have been shown to be fruitful in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 B. Sankar , Dibakar Sen

Natural language processing (NLP) systems are increasingly trained to generate open-ended text rather than classifying between responses. This makes research on evaluation metrics for generated language -- functions that score system output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Thomas Scialom , Felix Hill

AI evaluation is undergoing a structural change. Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as systems that act over time through tools, environments, users, and other agents, while many evaluation practices still inherit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Keyang Xuan , Peiyang Song , Pan Lu , Pengrui Han , Wenkai Li , Zhenyu Zhang , Zexue He , Wenyue Hua , Manling Li , Jiaxuan You , Adrian Weller , Yizhong Wang , Jiaxin Pei

Building trust in AI-based systems is deemed critical for their adoption and appropriate use. Recent research has thus attempted to evaluate how various attributes of these systems affect user trust. However, limitations regarding the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Michaela Benk , Suzanne Tolmeijer , Florian von Wangenheim , Andrea Ferrario

Good generative models should not only synthesize high quality data, but also utilize interpretable representations that aid human understanding of their behavior. However, it is difficult to measure objectively if and to what degree…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Daniel Galperin , Ullrich Köthe

In highly competitive software markets, user experience (UX) evaluation is crucial for ensuring software quality and fostering long-term product success. Such UX evaluations typically combine quantitative metrics from standardized…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Sandra Loop , Erik Bertram , Sebastian Juhl , Martin Schrepp

As organizations grapple with the rapid adoption of Generative AI (GenAI), this study synthesizes the state of knowledge through a systematic literature review of secondary studies and research agendas. Analyzing 28 papers published since…

Beginning with text and images, generative AI has expanded to audio, video, computer code, and molecules. Yet, if generative AI is the answer, what is the question? We explore the foundations of generation as a distinct machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Ambuj Tewari

As generative AI diffuses through academia, policy-practice divergence becomes consequential, creating demand for auditable indicators of alignment. This study prototypes a ten-item, indirect-elicitation instrument embedded in a structured…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-06 R. Yamamoto Ravenor

Human evaluation is critical for validating the performance of text-to-image generative models, as this highly cognitive process requires deep comprehension of text and images. However, our survey of 37 recent papers reveals that many works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Mayu Otani , Riku Togashi , Yu Sawai , Ryosuke Ishigami , Yuta Nakashima , Esa Rahtu , Janne Heikkilä , Shin'ichi Satoh