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GUI testing checks if a software system behaves as expected when users interact with its graphical interface, e.g., testing specific functionality or validating relevant use case scenarios. Currently, deciding what to test at this high…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Juyeon Yoon , Robert Feldt , Shin Yoo

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) empower autonomous mobile agents, yet their security under realistic mobile deployment constraints remains underexplored. While agents are vulnerable to visual prompt injections, stealthily executing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Renhua Ding , Xiao Yang , Zhengwei Fang , Jun Luo , Kun He , Jun Zhu

Mobile graphical user interface (GUI) agents enable AI models to autonomously operate smartphones on behalf of users. However, most existing systems focus primarily on optimizing task accuracy and rely on cloud-hosted models for inference,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Runxi Huang , Liyu Zhang , Shengzhong Liu , Xiaomin Ouyang

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown exceptional potential in enabling mobile-using agents to autonomously execute human instructions. However, fully automated agents often try to execute tasks even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zheng Wu , Pengzhou Cheng , Zongru Wu , Yuan Guo , Tianjie Ju , Aston Zhang , Gongshen Liu , Zhuosheng Zhang

Conversational agents show the promise to allow users to interact with mobile devices using language. However, to perform diverse UI tasks with natural language, developers typically need to create separate datasets and models for each…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Bryan Wang , Gang Li , Yang Li

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents powered by Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) promise human-like interaction with software applications, yet long-horizon tasks remain challenging due to memory limitations. Existing approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zikang Liu , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Dawei Gao , Yaliang Li , Ji-rong Wen

Computer-using agents powered by Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated human-like capabilities in operating digital environments like mobile platforms. While these agents hold great promise for advancing digital automation, their…

We present AutoGLM, a new series in the ChatGLM family, designed to serve as foundation agents for autonomous control of digital devices through Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). While foundation models excel at acquiring human knowledge,…

Autonomous agents capable of navigating Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) hold the potential to revolutionize digital productivity. However, achieving true digital autonomy extends beyond reactive element matching; it necessitates a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hongxin Li , Xiping Wang , Jingran Su , Zheng Ju , Yuntao Chen , Qing Li , Zhaoxiang Zhang

This publication reports on a research project in which we set out to explore the advantages and disadvantages augmented reality (AR) technology has for visual data analytics. We developed a prototype of an AR data analytics application,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Wanze Xie , Yining Liang , Janet Johnson , Andrea Mower , Samuel Burns , Colleen Chelini , Paul D Alessandro , Nadir Weibel , Jürgen P. Schulze

Building autonomous agents that perceive and operate graphical user interfaces (GUIs) like humans has long been a vision in the field of artificial intelligence. Central to these agents is the capability for GUI interaction, which involves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Hongxin Li , Jingran Su , Jingfan Chen , Zheng Ju , Yuntao Chen , Qing Li , Zhaoxiang Zhang

The utilisation of foundation models as smartphone assistants, termed app agents, is a critical research challenge. These agents aim to execute human instructions on smartphones by interpreting textual instructions and performing actions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Georgios Papoudakis , Thomas Coste , Zhihao Wu , Jianye Hao , Jun Wang , Kun Shao

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents show amazing abilities in assisting human-computer interaction, automating human user's navigation on digital devices. An ideal GUI agent is expected to achieve high accuracy, low latency, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Zhiyuan Huang , Ziming Cheng , Junting Pan , Zhaohui Hou , Mingjie Zhan

Large language model (LLM)-based agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in addressing complex tasks, thereby enabling more advanced information retrieval and supporting deeper, more sophisticated human information-seeking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yuyang Zhao , Wentao Shi , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He

The assurance of mobile app GUI has become increasingly important, as the GUI serves as the primary medium of interaction between users and apps. Although numerous automated GUI testing approaches have been developed with diverse…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Shengcheng Yu , Yuchen Ling , Chunrong Fang , Quan Zhou , Yi Zhao , Chunyang Chen , Shaomin Zhu , Zhenyu Chen

Recent advances in foundation models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), have facilitated the development of intelligent agents capable of performing complex tasks. By leveraging the…

The visual analytics community has long aimed to understand users better and assist them in their analytic endeavors. As a result, numerous conceptual models of visual analytics aim to formalize common workflows, techniques, and goals…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Shayan Monadjemi , Mengtian Guo , David Gotz , Roman Garnett , Alvitta Ottley

Large language models (LLMs) have evolved beyond simple text generation to power software agents that directly translate natural language commands into tangible actions. While API-based LLM agents initially rose to prominence for their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Chaoyun Zhang , Shilin He , Liqun Li , Si Qin , Yu Kang , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

Building general-purpose graphical user interface (GUI) agents has become increasingly promising with the progress in vision language models. However, developing effective mobile GUI agents with reinforcement learning (RL) remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yifan Xu , Xiao Liu , Xinghan Liu , Jiaqi Fu , Hanchen Zhang , Bohao Jing , Shudan Zhang , Yuting Wang , Wenyi Zhao , Yuxiao Dong

Existing Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents operate through step-by-step calls to vision language models--taking a screenshot, reasoning about the next action, executing it, then repeating on the new page--resulting in high costs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Hongbin Zhong , Fazle Faisal , Luis França , Tanakorn Leesatapornwongsa , Adriana Szekeres , Kexin Rong , Suman Nath