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LLM agents increasingly rely on memory mechanisms to reuse knowledge from past problem-solving experiences. However, existing methods typically construct memory for a single agent and reuse it with the same underlying model, tightly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yurui Chang , Yiran Wu , Qingyun Wu , Lu Lin

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become the default strategy for providing large language model (LLM) agents with contextual knowledge. Yet RAG treats memory as a stateless lookup table: information persists indefinitely, retrieval…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Joe Logan

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in long running workflows, where they must preserve user and task state across many turns. Many existing agent memory systems behave like external databases with ad hoc read/write…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Pearl Mody , Mihir Panchal , Rishit Kar , Kiran Bhowmick , Ruhina Karani

Persistent memory is turning language-model-based agents from stateless participants in isolated interactions into state-bearing components of LLM-based multi-agent systems. As memory becomes durable, reloadable, and behavior-shaping across…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Diego F. Cuadros , Abdoul-Aziz Maiga , Helen Meskhidze , Andre Curtis-Trudel

To sustain coherent long-term interactions, Large Language Model (LLM) agents must navigate the tension between acquiring new information and retaining prior knowledge. Current unified stream-based memory systems facilitate context updates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zhaofen Wu , Hanrong Zhang , Fulin Lin , Wujiang Xu , Xinran Xu , Yankai Chen , Henry Peng Zou , Shaowen Chen , Weizhi Zhang , Xue Liu , Philip S. Yu , Hongwei Wang

Large language model agents suffer from fundamental architectural problems: entangled reasoning and execution, memory volatility, and uncontrolled action sequences. We introduce Structured Cognitive Loop (SCL), a modular architecture that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Myung Ho Kim

Constructing memory from users' long-term conversations overcomes LLMs' contextual limitations and enables personalized interactions. Recent studies focus on hierarchical memory to model users' multi-granular behavioral patterns via…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Wenyu Mao , Haosong Tan , Shuchang Liu , Haoyang Liu , Yifan Xu , Huaxiang Ji , Xiang Wang

Large language model (LLM) agents are constrained by limited context windows, necessitating external memory systems for long-term information understanding. Current memory-augmented agents typically depend on pre-defined instructions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yu Wang , Ryuichi Takanobu , Zhiqi Liang , Yuzhen Mao , Yuanzhe Hu , Julian McAuley , Xiaojian Wu

Cognitive structure is a student's subjective organization of an objective knowledge system, reflected in the psychological construction of concepts and their relations. However, cognitive structure assessment remains a long-standing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Hengnian Gu , Zhifu Chen , Yuxin Chen , Jin Peng Zhou , Dongdai Zhou

Memory is critical for enabling large language model (LLM) based agents to maintain coherent behavior over long-horizon interactions. However, existing agent memory systems suffer from two key gaps: they rely on a one-size-fits-all memory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Mingfei Lu , Mengjia Wu , Feng Liu , Jiawei Xu , Weikai Li , Haoyang Wang , Zhengdong Hu , Ying Ding , Yizhou Sun , Jie Lu , Yi Zhang

The preservation of intangible cultural heritage is a critical challenge as collective memory fades over time. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising avenue for generating engaging narratives, their propensity for factual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Naga Sowjanya Barla , Jacopo de Berardinis

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a landmark achievement in Artificial Intelligence (AI), demonstrating unprecedented proficiency in procedural tasks such as text generation, code completion, and conversational coherence. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Schaun Wheeler , Olivier Jeunen

The evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) agents towards System~2 reasoning, characterized by deliberative, high-precision problem-solving, requires maintaining rigorous logical integrity over extended horizons. However, prevalent memory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kaixiang Wang , Yidan Lin , Jiong Lou , Zhaojiacheng Zhou , Bunyod Suvonov , Jie Li

Traditional ontologies describe domain structure but cannot generate novel artifacts. Large language models generate fluently but produce outputs lacking structural validity, hallucinating mechanisms without components, goals without end…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Benny Cheung

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as intelligent agents that reason, plan, and interact with their environments. To effectively scale to long-horizon scenarios, a key capability for such agents is a memory mechanism…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yuyang Hu , Jiongnan Liu , Jiejun Tan , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou

Agent memory shapes how Large Language Model (LLM)-powered agents, akin to the human brain, progressively refine themselves through environment interactions. Existing paradigms remain constrained: parametric memory forcibly adjusts model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Guibin Zhang , Muxin Fu , Shuicheng Yan

Language models generate reasoning sequentially, preventing them from decoupling irrelevant exploration paths during search. We introduce Tree-Structured Language Modeling (TSLM), which uses special tokens to encode branching structure,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Doyoung Kim , Jaehyeok Doo , Minjoon Seo

Multi-step retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a widely adopted strategy for enhancing large language models (LLMs) on tasks that demand global comprehension and intensive reasoning. Although many RAG systems incorporate a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Chulun Zhou , Chunkang Zhang , Guoxin Yu , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Wai Lam , Mo Yu

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance by generating long chains of thought, but longer traces always introduce redundant or ineffective reasoning steps. One typical behavior is that they often perform unnecessary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jinyi Han , Zixiang Di , Zishang Jiang , Ying Liao , Jiaqing Liang , Yongqi Wang , Yanghua Xiao

While large language model (LLM) agents can effectively use external tools for complex real-world tasks, they require memory systems to leverage historical experiences. Current memory systems enable basic storage and retrieval but lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Wujiang Xu , Zujie Liang , Kai Mei , Hang Gao , Juntao Tan , Yongfeng Zhang