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This paper introduces and studies the convergence properties of a new class of explicit $\epsilon$-subgradient methods for the task of minimizing a convex function over the set of minimizers of another convex minimization problem. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-04-03 Elias Salomão Helou , Lucas Eduardo Azevedo Simões

Gradient based optimization algorithms deployed in Machine Learning (ML) applications are often analyzed and compared by their convergence rates or regret bounds. While these rates and bounds convey valuable information they don't always…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Travis E. Gibson , Sawal Acharya , Anjali Parashar , Joseph E. Gaudio , Anurdha M. Annaswamy

Bilevel programs are optimization problems where some variables are solutions to optimization problems themselves, and they arise in a variety of control applications, including: control of vehicle traffic networks, inverse reinforcement…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-27 Aurélien Ouattara , Anil Aswani

In this paper, we study the regularity assumptions commonly adopted in bilevel optimization with constrained lower-level problems, including the linear independence constraint qualification, the strict complementary slackness condition, and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Xiaotian Jiang , Chang He , Mingyi Hong , Shuzhong Zhang

Bilevel optimization, a hierarchical mathematical framework where one optimization problem is nested within another, has emerged as a powerful tool for modeling complex decision-making processes in various fields such as economics,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Omer Ekmekcioglu , Nursen Aydin , Juergen Branke

The mathematical modeling of numerous real-world applications results in hierarchical optimization problems with two decision makers where at least one of them has to solve an optimal control problem of ordinary or partial differential…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-20 Patrick Mehlitz , Gerd Wachsmuth

We study a class of algorithms for solving bilevel optimization problems in both stochastic and deterministic settings when the inner-level objective is strongly convex. Specifically, we consider algorithms based on inexact implicit…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-12 Michael Arbel , Julien Mairal

The graduated optimization approach, also known as the continuation method, is a popular heuristic to solving non-convex problems that has received renewed interest over the last decade. Despite its popularity, very little is known in terms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-07-28 Elad Hazan , Kfir Y. Levy , Shai Shalev-Shwartz

First-order methods for solving convex optimization problems have been at the forefront of mathematical optimization in the last 20 years. The rapid development of this important class of algorithms is motivated by the success stories…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-07 Pavel Dvurechensky , Mathias Staudigl , Shimrit Shtern

We propose a new family of multilevel methods for unconstrained minimization. The resulting strategies are multilevel extensions of high-order optimization methods based on q-order Taylor models (with q >= 1) that have been recently…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-04-10 Henri Calandra , Serge Gratton , Elisa Riccietti , Xavier Vasseur

Bilevel optimization has recently regained interest owing to its applications in emerging machine learning fields such as hyperparameter optimization, meta-learning, and reinforcement learning. Recent results have shown that simple…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-09 Quan Xiao , Songtao Lu , Tianyi Chen

Bilevel optimization enjoys a wide range of applications in emerging machine learning and signal processing problems such as hyper-parameter optimization, image reconstruction, meta-learning, adversarial training, and reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Han Shen , Quan Xiao , Tianyi Chen

This paper investigates a class of stochastic bilevel optimization problems where the upper-level function is nonconvex with potentially unbounded smoothness and the lower-level problem is strongly convex. These problems have significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Xiaochuan Gong , Jie Hao , Mingrui Liu

Optimization by stochastic gradient descent is an important component of many large-scale machine learning algorithms. A wide variety of such optimization algorithms have been devised; however, it is unclear whether these algorithms are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-02-26 Tom Schaul , Ioannis Antonoglou , David Silver

Tilt stability is a fundamental concept of variational analysis and optimization that plays a pivotal role in both theoretical issues and numerical computations. This paper investigates tilt stability of local minimizers for a general class…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Boris S. Mordukhovich , Peipei Tang , Chengjing Wang

Bilevel optimization minimizes an objective function, defined by an upper-level problem whose feasible region is the solution of a lower-level problem. We study the oracle complexity of finding an $\epsilon$-stationary point with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-01 Lesi Chen , Jingzhao Zhang

We propose a multi-level method to increase the accuracy of machine learning algorithms for approximating observables in scientific computing, particularly those that arise in systems modeled by differential equations. The algorithm relies…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-07-06 Kjetil O. Lye , Siddhartha Mishra , Roberto Molinaro

This chapter presents a self-contained approach of variational analysis and generalized differentiation to deriving necessary optimality in problems of bilevel optimization with Lipschitzian data. We mainly concentrate on optimistic models,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-16 Boris S. Mordukhovich

Bilevel optimization is a popular two-level hierarchical optimization, which has been widely applied to many machine learning tasks such as hyperparameter learning, meta learning and continual learning. Although many bilevel optimization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-21 Feihu Huang

Various tasks in data science are modeled utilizing the variational regularization approach, where manually selecting regularization parameters presents a challenge. The difficulty gets exacerbated when employing regularizers involving a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Mohammad Sadegh Salehi , Subhadip Mukherjee , Lindon Roberts , Matthias J. Ehrhardt