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As AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) increasingly use external tools for high-stakes decisions, a critical reliability question arises: how do errors propagate across sequential tool calls? We introduce the first theoretical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Flint Xiaofeng Fan , Cheston Tan , Roger Wattenhofer , Yew-Soon Ong

The alignment of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) for autonomous software engineering is constrained by evaluator epistemic uncertainty. Current paradigms, such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and AI Feedback (RLAIF),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Kun Liu , Liqun Chen

We model a competitive market where AI agents buy answers from upstream generative models and resell them to users who differ in how much they value accuracy and in how much they fear hallucinations. Agents can privately exert effort for…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-04-14 Engin Iyidogan , Ali I. Ozkes

We study behavioral alignment and representation dynamics of large language model (LLM) agents in financial decision environments. Using TradeArena, an auditable trading-agent testbed with risk reports, execution simulation, memory, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Weicheng Xue

Quantitative finance has had a long tradition of a bottom-up approach to complex systems inference via multi-agent systems (MAS). These statistical tools are based on modelling agents trading via a centralised order book, in order to…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2019-10-18 J. Lussange , I. Lazarevich , S. Bourgeois-Gironde , S. Palminteri , B. Gutkin

Autonomous language-model agents are increasingly evaluated on long-horizon tool-use tasks, but existing benchmarks rarely capture the complexity and nuance of real scientific work. To address this gap, we introduce Collider-Bench, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Darius A. Faroughy , Sofia Palacios Schweitzer , Ian Pang , Siddharth Mishra-Sharma , David Shih

Training robots for operation in the real world is a complex, time consuming and potentially expensive task. Despite significant success of reinforcement learning in games and simulations, research in real robot applications has not been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-09-28 Markus Wulfmeier , Ingmar Posner , Pieter Abbeel

Unsupervised graph alignment finds the node correspondence between a pair of attributed graphs by only exploiting graph structure and node features. One category of recent studies first computes the node representation and then matches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Songyang Chen , Yu Liu , Lei Zou , Zexuan Wang , Youfang Lin

Empirical game-theoretic analysis (EGTA) has recently been applied successfully to analyze the behavior of large numbers of competing traders in a continuous double auction market. Multiagent simulation methods like EGTA are useful for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-04-25 Mason Wright

We propose a novel one-step supervised imitation learning (IL) framework called Adversarial Density Regression (ADR). This IL framework aims to correct the policy learned on unknown-quality to match the expert distribution by utilizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Ziqi Zhang , Zifeng Zhuang , Jingzehua Xu , Yiyuan Yang , Yubo Huang , Donglin Wang , Shuai Zhang

Exchange markets are a significant type of market economy, in which each agent holds a budget and certain (divisible) resources available for trading. Most research on equilibrium in exchange economies is based on an environment of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yusen Zheng , Yukun Cheng , Chenyang Xu , Xiaotie Deng

Reinforcement Learning has emerged as a promising framework for developing adaptive and data-driven strategies, enabling market makers to optimize decision-making policies based on interactions with the limit order book environment. This…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-17 Rafael Zimmer , Oswaldo Luiz do Valle Costa

Reinforcement learning agent-based simulation (RL-ABS) has become an important tool for electricity market mechanism analysis and evaluation. In the modeling of monotone, bounded, multi-segment stepwise bids, existing methods typically let…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zunnan Xu , Zhaoxia Jing , Zhanhua Pan

We explore deep Reinforcement Learning(RL) algorithms for scalping trading and knew that there is no appropriate trading gym and agent examples. Thus we propose gym and agent like Open AI gym in finance. Not only that, we introduce new RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Uk Jo , Taehyun Jo , Wanjun Kim , Iljoo Yoon , Dongseok Lee , Seungho Lee

The latency of the exchanges in Market Making (MM) is inevitable due to hardware limitations, system processing times, delays in receiving data from exchanges, the time required for order transmission to reach the market, etc. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Junzhe Jiang , Chang Yang , Xinrun Wang , Zhiming Li , Xiao Huang , Bo Li

The reproduction of realistic dynamics in financial markets is of great significance, as it enhances our understanding of market evolution beyond other physical processes, and facilitates the development and backtesting of investment…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Tianlang He , Fengming Zhu , Keyan Lu , Chang Xu , Yang Liu , Weiqing Liu , Fangzhen Lin , S. -H. Gary Chan , Jiang Bian

The literature has witnessed an emerging interest in AI agents for automated assessment of scientific papers. Existing benchmarks focus primarily on the computational aspect of this task, testing agents' ability to reproduce or replicate…

Modern information access ecosystems consist of mixtures of systems, such as retrieval systems and large language models, and increasingly rely on marketplaces to mediate access to models, tools, and data, making competition between systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 To Eun Kim , Alireza Salemi , Hamed Zamani , Fernando Diaz

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) across industries has increased the demand for high-quality and customizable outputs. However, traditional alignment methods often require retraining large pretrained models, making it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yi Liu , Dianqing Liu , Mingye Zhu , Junbo Guo , Yongdong Zhang , Zhendong Mao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language tasks, yet their performance in dynamic, real-world financial environments remains underexplored. Existing approaches are limited to historical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Tianmi Ma , Jiawei Du , Wenxin Huang , Wenjie Wang , Liang Xie , Xian Zhong , Joey Tianyi Zhou