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Large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems have demonstrated impressive capabilities in handling complex tasks. However, the complexity of agentic behaviors makes these systems difficult to understand. When failures occur,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Rui Sheng , Yukun Yang , Chuhan Shi , Yanna Lin , Zixin Chen , Huamin Qu , Furui Cheng

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have revealed their potential for achieving autonomous agents possessing human-level intelligence. However, existing benchmarks for evaluating LLM Agents either use static datasets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Junzhe Chen , Xuming Hu , Shuodi Liu , Shiyu Huang , Wei-Wei Tu , Zhaofeng He , Lijie Wen

Large language models (LLMs) are capable of generating plausible explanations of how they arrived at an answer to a question. However, these explanations can misrepresent the model's "reasoning" process, i.e., they can be unfaithful. This,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Katie Matton , Robert Osazuwa Ness , John Guttag , Emre Kıcıman

Task-orientated conversational agents interact with users and assist them via leveraging external APIs. A typical task-oriented conversational system can be broken down into three phases: external API selection, argument filling, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Jisoo Mok , Mohammad Kachuee , Shuyang Dai , Shayan Ray , Tara Taghavi , Sungroh Yoon

Understanding a Reinforcement Learning (RL) policy is crucial for ensuring that autonomous agents behave according to human expectations. This goal can be achieved using Explainable Reinforcement Learning (XRL) techniques. Although textual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ahmad Terra , Mohit Ahmed , Rafia Inam , Elena Fersman , Martin Törngren

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely deployed in various applications, often functioning as autonomous agents that interact with each other in multi-agent systems. While these systems have shown promise in enhancing capabilities…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Jae Hee Lee , Anne Lauscher , Stefano V. Albrecht

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly produce natural language explanations, yet these explanations often lack faithfulness, and they do not reliably reflect the evidence the model uses to decide. We introduce FaithLM, a model-agnostic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yu-Neng Chuang , Guanchu Wang , Chia-Yuan Chang , Ruixiang Tang , Shaochen Zhong , Fan Yang , Mengnan Du , Xuanting Cai , Vladimir Braverman , Xia Hu

Agentic AI represents a major shift in how autonomous systems reason, plan, and execute multi-step tasks through the coordination of Large Language Models (LLMs), Vision Language Models (VLMs), tools, and external services. While these…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly impacted nearly every domain of human knowledge. However, the explainability of these models esp. to laypersons, which are crucial for instilling trust, have been examined through various…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Arion Das , Asutosh Mishra , Amitesh Patel , Soumilya De , V. Gurucharan , Kripabandhu Ghosh

Fact-checking research has extensively explored verification but less so the generation of natural-language explanations, crucial for user trust. While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in text generation, their capability for producing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Kyungha Kim , Sangyun Lee , Kung-Hsiang Huang , Hou Pong Chan , Manling Li , Heng Ji

Large language models (LLMs) can exhibit biases in reasoning capabilities due to linguistic modality, performing better on tasks in one language versus another, even with similar content. Most previous works evaluate this through reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 César Guerra-Solano , Zhuochun Li , Xiang Lorraine Li

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong symbolic and compositional reasoning, yet they struggle with time series question answering as the data is typically transformed into an LLM-compatible modality, e.g., serialized text, plotted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Penghang Liu , Elizabeth Fons , Annita Vapsi , Mohsen Ghassemi , Svitlana Vyetrenko , Daniel Borrajo , Vamsi K. Potluru , Manuela Veloso

Large language models have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in understanding and generation. However, in real-world scenarios, users' natural language expressions are often inherently fuzzy, ambiguous, and uncertain, leading to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zongyu Chang , Feihong Lu , Ziqin Zhu , Qian Li , Cheng Ji , Tao Yang , Zhuo Chen , Hao Peng , Yang Liu , Ruifeng Xu , Yangqiu Song , Jianxin Li , Shangguang Wang

This work presents a requirement analysis for collaborative dialogues among medical experts and an inquiry dialogue game based on this analysis for incorporating explainability into multiagent system design. The game allows experts with…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Qurat-ul-ain Shaheen , Katarzyna Budzynska , Carles Sierra

Understanding the behavior of large language models (LLMs) is crucial for ensuring their safe and reliable use. However, existing explainable AI (XAI) methods for LLMs primarily rely on word-level explanations, which are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Furui Cheng , Vilém Zouhar , Robin Shing Moon Chan , Daniel Fürst , Hendrik Strobelt , Mennatallah El-Assady

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) where agents interact through natural language to solve complex tasks or simulate multi-party dialogues. Recent work on LLM-based MASs has mainly focused on architecture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yuxiao Ye , Yiming Zhang , Yiran Ma , Huiyuan Xie , Huining Zhu , Zhiyuan Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly proposed as agents in strategic decision environments, yet their behavior in structured geopolitical simulations remains under-researched. We evaluate six popular state-of-the-art LLMs alongside…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Veronika Solopova , Viktoria Skorik , Maksym Tereshchenko , Alina Haidun , Ostap Vykhopen

We introduce LLM CHESS, an evaluation framework designed to probe the generalization of reasoning and instruction-following abilities in large language models (LLMs) through extended agentic interaction in the domain of chess. We rank over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Sai Kolasani , Maxim Saplin , Nicholas Crispino , Kyle Montgomery , Jared Quincy Davis , Matei Zaharia , Chi Wang , Chenguang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have been extensively used as the backbones for general-purpose agents, and some economics literature suggest that LLMs are capable of playing various types of economics games. Following these works, to overcome…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Shangmin Guo , Haoran Bu , Haochuan Wang , Yi Ren , Dianbo Sui , Yuming Shang , Siting Lu

We introduce a novel large language model (LLM)-driven agent framework, which iteratively refines queries and filters contextual evidence by leveraging dynamically evolving knowledge. A defining feature of the system is its decoupling of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Seyoung Song