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We introduce a dynamic benchmarking system for conversational agents that evaluates their performance through a single, simulated, and lengthy user$\leftrightarrow$agent interaction. The interaction is a conversation between the user and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 David Castillo-Bolado , Joseph Davidson , Finlay Gray , Marek Rosa

Long-horizon interactions between users and LLM-based assistants necessitate effective memory management, yet current approaches face challenges in training and evaluation of memory. Existing memory benchmarks rely on static, off-policy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Cheng Jiayang , Dongyu Ru , Lin Qiu , Yiyang Li , Xuezhi Cao , Yangqiu Song , Xunliang Cai

Scaling up data, parameters, and test-time computation has been the mainstream methods to improve LLM systems (LLMsys), but their upper bounds are almost reached due to the gradual depletion of high-quality data and marginal gains obtained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qingyao Ai , Yichen Tang , Changyue Wang , Jianming Long , Weihang Su , Yiqun Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) face a crucial challenge from fixed context windows and inadequate memory management, leading to a severe shortage of long-term memory capabilities and limited personalization in the interactive experience with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jiazheng Kang , Mingming Ji , Zhe Zhao , Ting Bai

Memory is critical for long-horizon and history-dependent robotic manipulation. Such tasks often involve counting repeated actions or manipulating objects that become temporarily occluded. Recent vision-language-action (VLA) models have…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yinpei Dai , Hongze Fu , Jayjun Lee , Yuejiang Liu , Haoran Zhang , Jianing Yang , Chelsea Finn , Nima Fazeli , Joyce Chai

Large language model (LLM)-powered multi-agent systems (MAS) demonstrate remarkable collective intelligence, wherein multi-agent memory serves as a pivotal mechanism for continual adaptation. However, existing multi-agent memory designs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Muxin Fu , Xiangyuan Xue , Yafu Li , Zefeng He , Siyuan Huang , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng , Yang Yang

Long-horizon language agents must operate under limited runtime memory, yet existing memory mechanisms often organize experience around descriptive criteria such as relevance, salience, or summary quality. For an agent, however, memory is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Mingxi Zou , Zhihan Guo , Langzhang Liang , Zhuo Wang , Qifan Wang , Qingsong Wen , Irwin King , Lizhen Qu , Zenglin Xu

Existing works on long-term open-domain dialogues focus on evaluating model responses within contexts spanning no more than five chat sessions. Despite advancements in long-context large language models (LLMs) and retrieval augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Adyasha Maharana , Dong-Ho Lee , Sergey Tulyakov , Mohit Bansal , Francesco Barbieri , Yuwei Fang

Memory is crucial for enabling agents to tackle complex tasks with temporal and spatial dependencies. While many reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms incorporate memory, the field lacks a universal benchmark to assess an agent's memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Egor Cherepanov , Nikita Kachaev , Alexey K. Kovalev , Aleksandr I. Panov

Large language model (LLM) multi-agent systems can scale along two distinct dimensions: by increasing the number of agents and by improving through accumulated experience over time. Although prior work has studied these dimensions…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shanglin Wu , Yuyang Luo , Yueqing Liang , Kaiwen Shi , Yanfang Ye , Ali Payani , Kai Shu

Large language model (LLM) agents require long-term user memory for consistent personalization, but limited context windows hinder tracking evolving preferences over long interactions. Existing memory systems mainly rely on static,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Derong Xu , Shuochen Liu , Pengfei Luo , Pengyue Jia , Yingyi Zhang , Yi Wen , Yimin Deng , Wenlin Zhang , Enhong Chen , Xiangyu Zhao , Tong Xu

Real-world agents operate over long and evolving horizons, where information is repeatedly updated and may interfere across memories, requiring accurate recall and aggregated reasoning over multiple pieces of information. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Hyunji Lee , Justin Chih-Yao Chen , Joykirat Singh , Zaid Khan , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents necessitates the management of extensive, dynamic contexts. Current benchmarks, however, remain largely static, relying on passive retrieval tasks that fail to simulate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Shicheng Fang , Yuxin Wang , Xiaoran Liu , Jiahao Lu , Chuanyuan Tan , Xinchi Chen , Yining Zheng , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Memory has emerged, and will continue to remain, a core capability of foundation model-based agents. As research on agent memory rapidly expands and attracts unprecedented attention, the field has also become increasingly fragmented.…

Existing works increasingly adopt memory-centric mechanisms to process long contexts in a segment manner, and effective memory management is one of the key capabilities that enables large language models to effectively propagate information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zecheng Tang , Baibei Ji , Ruoxi Sun , Haitian Wang , WangJie You , Zhang Yijun , Wenpeng Zhu , Ji Qi , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

With the rise of smart personal devices, service-oriented human-agent interactions have become increasingly prevalent. This trend highlights the need for personalized dialogue assistants that can understand user-specific traits to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Zhaopei Huang , Qifeng Dai , Guozheng Wu , Xiaopeng Wu , Kehan Chen , Chuan Yu , Xubin Li , Tiezheng Ge , Wenxuan Wang , Qin Jin

Agent memory shapes how Large Language Model (LLM)-powered agents, akin to the human brain, progressively refine themselves through environment interactions. Existing paradigms remain constrained: parametric memory forcibly adjusts model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Guibin Zhang , Muxin Fu , Shuicheng Yan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have empowered AI agents with advanced capabilities for understanding, reasoning, and interacting across diverse tasks. The addition of memory further enhances them by enabling continuity across interactions,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Himanshu Gharat , Himanshi Agrawal , Gourab K. Patro

Long-term memory is one of the key factors influencing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Model Agents (LLM Agents). Incorporating a memory mechanism that effectively integrates past interactions can significantly enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Haoran Sun , Shaoning Zeng

Despite rapid progress in large-scale language and vision models, AI agents still suffer from a fundamental limitation: they cannot remember. Without reliable memory, agents catastrophically forget past experiences, struggle with…

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