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New cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption (HE) allow computations to be outsourced to and evaluated blindfolded in a resourceful cloud. These computations often require private data owned by multiple participants, engaging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Asma Aloufi , Peizhao Hu , Yongsoo Song , Kristin Lauter

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is a cryptographic tool that allows performing computation under encryption, which is used by many privacy-preserving machine learning solutions, for example, to perform secure classification. Modern deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Nir Drucker , Itamar Zimerman

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) refers to a set of encryption schemes that allow computations to be applied directly on encrypted data without requiring a secret key. This enables novel application scenarios where a client can safely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Roshan Dathathri , Olli Saarikivi , Hao Chen , Kim Laine , Kristin Lauter , Saeed Maleki , Madanlal Musuvathi , Todd Mytkowicz

We propose an unbounded fully homomorphic encryption scheme, i.e. a scheme that allows one to compute on encrypted data for any desired functions without needing to decrypt the data or knowing the decryption keys. This is a rational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Zhiyong Zheng , Fengxia Liu , Kun Tian

In contemporary cloud-based services, protecting users' sensitive data and ensuring the confidentiality of the server's model are critical. Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables inference directly on encrypted inputs, but its…

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) has made it possible to perform addition and multiplication operations on encrypted data. Using FHE in control thus has the advantage that control effort for a plant can be calculated remotely without ever…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-29 Pieter Stobbe , Twan Keijzer , Riccardo M. G. Ferrari

Fully-Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) offers powerful capabilities by enabling secure offloading of both storage and computation, and recent innovations in schemes and implementations have made it all the more attractive. At the same time, FHE…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Roshan Dathathri , Blagovesta Kostova , Olli Saarikivi , Wei Dai , Kim Laine , Madanlal Musuvathi

An exercise in implementing Scale Invariant Feature Transform using CKKS Fully Homomorphic encryption quickly reveals some glaring limitations in the current FHE paradigm. These limitations include the lack of a standard comparison operator…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Ishwar B Balappanawar , Bhargav Srinivas Kommireddy

Privacy-preserving neural network (NN) inference can be achieved by utilizing homomorphic encryption (HE), which allows computations to be directly carried out over ciphertexts. Popular HE schemes are built over large polynomial rings. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Sajjad Akherati , Xinmiao Zhang

Homomorphic encryption (HE) allows direct computations on encrypted data. Despite numerous research efforts, the practicality of HE schemes remains to be demonstrated. In this regard, the enormous size of ciphertexts involved in HE…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Dayane Reis , Jonathan Takeshita , Taeho Jung , Michael Niemier , Xiaobo Sharon Hu

This paper explores the use of partially homomorphic encryption (PHE) for encrypted vector similarity search, with a focus on facial recognition and broader applications like reverse image search, recommendation engines, and large language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Sefik Serengil , Alper Ozpinar

In the era of generative AI, ensuring the privacy of music data presents unique challenges: unlike static artworks such as images, music data is inherently temporal and multimodal, and it is sampled, transformed, and remixed at an…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-12 William Zerong Wang , Dongfang Zhao

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows computing on encrypted data, enabling secure offloading of computation to untrusted serves. Though it provides ideal security, FHE is expensive when executed in software, 4 to 5 orders of magnitude…

Secure function evaluation (SFE) is the process of computing a function (or running an algorithm) on some data, while keeping the input, output and intermediate results hidden from the environment in which the function is evaluated. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-12-12 Stefan Rass

The need for privacy-preserving analytics is higher than ever due to the severity of privacy risks and to comply with new privacy regulations leading to an amplified interest in privacy-preserving techniques that try to balance between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Ahmad Al Badawi , Luong Hoang , Chan Fook Mun , Kim Laine , Khin Mi Mi Aung

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is an encryption scheme which enables computation on encrypted data without revealing the underlying data. While there have been many advances in the field of FHE, developing programs using FHE still…

Privacy-preserving machine learning has become an important long-term pursuit in this era of artificial intelligence (AI). Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a uniquely promising solution, offering provable privacy and security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Cory Brynds , Parker McLeod , Lauren Caccamise , Asmita Pal , Dewan Saiham , Sazadur Rahman , Joshua San Miguel , Di Wu

Brakerski showed that linearly decryptable fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) schemes cannot be secure in the chosen plaintext attack (CPA) model. In this paper, we show that linearly decryptable FHE schemes cannot be secure even in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Yongge Wang

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows for computation directly on encrypted data and enables privacy-preserving neural inference in the cloud. Prior work has focused on models with dense inputs (e.g., CNNs), with less attention given to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Karthik Garimella , Austin Ebel , Gabrielle De Micheli , Brandon Reagen

We present novel homomorphic encryption schemes for integer arithmetic, intended for use in secure single-party computation in the cloud. These schemes are capable of securely computing only low degree polynomials homomorphically, but this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-02-27 James Dyer , Martin Dyer , Jie Xu