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Large language models (LLMs) increasingly operate as autonomous agents that reason over external APIs to perform complex tasks. However, their reliability and agreement remain poorly characterized. We present a unified benchmarking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Eyhab Al-Masri

Natural language information needs over symbolic music scores rarely reduce to a single step lookup. Many queries require compositional Music Information Retrieval (MIR) that extracts multiple pieces of evidence from structured notation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Boyang Wang , Yash Vishe , Xin Xu , Zachary Novack , Xunyi Jiang , Julian McAuley , Junda Wu

Large language models often necessitate grounding on external knowledge to generate faithful and reliable answers. Yet even with the correct groundings in the reference, they can ignore them and rely on wrong groundings or their inherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Shuo Zhang , Liangming Pan , Junzhou Zhao , William Yang Wang

Demand for mental health support through AI chatbots is surging, though current systems present several limitations, like sycophancy or overvalidation, and reinforcement of maladaptive beliefs. A core obstacle to the creation of better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 José Pombal , Maya D'Eon , Nuno M. Guerreiro , Pedro Henrique Martins , António Farinhas , Ricardo Rei

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities on complex tasks, exhibiting emergent, human-like thinking patterns. Despite their advances, we identify a fundamental limitation: current LRMs lack a dedicated meta-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Haonan Dong , Haoran Ye , Wenhao Zhu , Kehan Jiang , Guojie Song

Automated content analysis increasingly supports communication research, yet scaling manual coding into computational pipelines raises concerns about measurement reliability and validity. We introduce a Hierarchical Error Correction (HEC)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Zhilong Zhao , Yindi Liu

As multimodal machine intelligence systems started achieving average animal-level and average human-level fluency in many measurable tasks in processing images, language, and sound, they began to exhibit a new class of cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Hamidou Tembine

We present an open-source benchmark and evaluation framework for assessing emotional boundary handling in Large Language Models (LLMs). Using a dataset of 1156 prompts across six languages, we evaluated three leading LLMs (GPT-4o,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 David Noever , Grant Rosario

The rapid growth of the large language model (LLM) ecosystem raises a critical question: are seemingly diverse models truly independent? Shared pretraining data, distillation, and alignment pipelines can induce hidden behavioral…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Chenchen Kuai , Jiwan Jiang , Zihao Zhu , Hao Wang , Keshu Wu , Zihao Li , Yunlong Zhang , Chenxi Liu , Zhengzhong Tu , Zhiwen Fan , Yang Zhou

Knowledge augmentation has significantly enhanced the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks. However, existing methods typically operate on the simplistic premise that model performance equates with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Hao Chen , Ye He , Yuchun Fan , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Qingfu Zhu , Maosong Sun , Wanxiang Che

Due to the unprecedented success of deep learning, it has become an integral component in several multimedia computing applications in todays world. Unfortunately, deep learning systems are not perfect and can fail, sometimes abruptly,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Varun Totakura , Shayok Chakraborty

Analogical reasoning tests a fundamental aspect of human cognition: mapping the relation from one pair of objects to another. Existing evaluations of this ability in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) overlook the ability to compose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yongkang Du , Xiaohan Zou , Minhao Cheng , Lu Lin

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well in general fields, they exhibit a confidence distortion problem on multi-choice question-answering (MCQA), particularly as the number of answer choices increases. Specifically, on MCQA with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zicheng Xu , Guanchu Wang , Guangyao Zheng , Yu-Neng Chuang , Alexander Szalay , Xia Hu , Vladimir Braverman

Recent studies on reasoning models explore the meta-awareness of language models, the ability to know how to think by itself. We argue that large reasoning models lack this meta-awareness property by proving severe misalignment between true…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yoonjeon Kim , Doohyuk Jang , Eunho Yang

Developing large language models is expensive and involves making decisions with small experiments, typically by evaluating on large, multi-task evaluation suites. In this work, we analyze specific properties which make a benchmark more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 David Heineman , Valentin Hofmann , Ian Magnusson , Yuling Gu , Noah A. Smith , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Kyle Lo , Jesse Dodge

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable proficiency on general-purpose vision-language benchmarks, reaching or even exceeding human-level performance. However, these evaluations typically rely on standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wenjin Hou , Wei Liu , Han Hu , Xiaoxiao Sun , Serena Yeung-Levy , Hehe Fan

IQ testing has served as a foundational methodology for evaluating human cognitive capabilities, deliberately decoupling assessment from linguistic background, language proficiency, or domain-specific knowledge to isolate core competencies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Huanqia Cai , Yijun Yang , Winston Hu

Clinical personality assessment screens response validity before interpreting substantive scales. LLM evaluation does not. We apply the validity scaling framework from the PAI and MMPI-3 to metacognitive probe data from 20 frontier models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jon-Paul Cacioli

Existing studies on bias mitigation methods for large language models (LLMs) use diverse baselines and metrics to evaluate debiasing performance, leading to inconsistent comparisons among them. Moreover, their evaluations are mostly based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xin Xu , Xunzhi He , Churan Zhi , Ruizhe Chen , Julian McAuley , Zexue He

Results reported in large-scale multilingual evaluations are often fragmented and confounded by factors such as target languages, differences in experimental setups, and model choices. We propose a framework that disentangles these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Songbo Hu , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen