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While Hybrid Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) followed by Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become the standard paradigm for training LLM agents, effective mechanisms for data allocation between these stages remain largely underexplored. Current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yang Zhao , Yangou Ouyang , Xiao Ding , Hepeng Wang , Bibo Cai , Kai Xiong , Jinglong Gao , Zhouhao Sun , Li Du , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Deploying Multimodal Large Language Models as the brain of embodied agents remains challenging, particularly under long-horizon observations and limited context budgets. Existing memory assisted methods often rely on textual summaries,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ji Li , Bo Wang , Jing Xia , Mingyi Li , Shiyan Hu

Precision agriculture requires efficient autonomous systems for crop monitoring, where agents must explore large-scale environments while minimizing resource consumption. This work addresses the problem as an active exploration task in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Emanuele Masiero , Vito Trianni , Giuseppe Vizzari , Dimitri Ognibene

Multi-agent systems often operate under feedback, adaptation, and non-stationarity, yet many simulation studies retain static decision rules and fixed control parameters. This paper introduces a general adaptive multi-agent learning…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Roberto Garrone

We introduce PRISM (Predictive Reasoning in Sequential Medicine), a transformer-based architecture designed to model the sequential progression of clinical decision-making processes. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on isolated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Lionel Levine , John Santerre , Alex S. Young , T. Barry Levine , Francis Campion , Majid Sarrafzadeh

This paper introduces a novel framework for proactive cross-domain resource orchestration in 6G RAN-Edge networks, featuring large language model (LLM)-augmented agents. The system comprises specialized RAN (energy efficiency) and Edge…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Hatim Chergui , Miguel Catalan Cid , Pouria Sayyad Khodashenas , Daniel Camps Mur , Christos Verikoukis

Most Large Language Model (LLM) agent memory systems rely on a small set of static, hand-designed operations for extracting memory. These fixed procedures hard-code human priors about what to store and how to revise memory, making them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Haozhen Zhang , Quanyu Long , Jianzhu Bao , Tao Feng , Weizhi Zhang , Haodong Yue , Wenya Wang

The stability-plasticity dilemma is a major challenge in continual learning, as it involves balancing the conflicting objectives of maintaining performance on previous tasks while learning new tasks. In this paper, we propose the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Haneol Kang , Dong-Wan Choi

Persistent memory is turning language-model-based agents from stateless participants in isolated interactions into state-bearing components of LLM-based multi-agent systems. As memory becomes durable, reloadable, and behavior-shaping across…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Diego F. Cuadros , Abdoul-Aziz Maiga , Helen Meskhidze , Andre Curtis-Trudel

Memory data are ubiquitous in Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents (e.g., OpenClaw and Manus). A few recent works have attempted to exploit agents'memory for improving their performance on the question-answering (QA) task, but they lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jiawei Yu , Yixiang Fang , Xilin Liu , Yuchi Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, but incur high communication overhead and privacy risks in cloud deployments, while facing compute and memory constraints…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Junfei Zhan , Haoxun Shen , Zheng Lin , Tengjiao He

When an LLM-based embodied agent fails at a household task, the culprit could be misidentified objects, forgotten sub-goals, or poor action sequencing -- yet existing benchmarks report only a single success rate, making it impossible to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yunn Kang Lim , Pengzhan Sun , Ziyi Bai , Xun Xu , Angela Yao , Xulei Yang , Shijie Li

While Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) scales capacity via conditional computation, Transformers lack a native primitive for knowledge lookup, forcing them to inefficiently simulate retrieval through computation. To address this, we introduce…

Large language model (LLM) agents are moving beyond prompting alone. ChatGPT marked the rise of general-purpose LLM assistants, DeepSeek showed that on-policy reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards can improve reasoning and tool…

One of the key factors influencing the reasoning capabilities of LLM-based agents is their ability to leverage long-term memory. Integrating long-term memory mechanisms allows agents to make informed decisions grounded in historical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Haoran Sun , Zekun Zhang , Shaoning Zeng

Large language model (LLM) agents achieve impressive single-task performance but commonly exhibit repeated failures, inefficient exploration, and limited cross-task adaptability. Existing reflective strategies (e.g., Reflexion, ReAct)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Chunlong Wu , Ye Luo , Zhibo Qu , Min Wang

Parameter sharing is a key strategy in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for improving scalability, yet conventional fully shared architectures often collapse into homogeneous behaviors. Recent methods introduce diversity through…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Kyungbeom Kim , Seungwon Oh , Kyung-Joong Kim

The transition from static Large Language Models (LLMs) to self-improving agents is hindered by the lack of structured reasoning in traditional evolutionary approaches. Existing methods often struggle with premature convergence and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Chunhui Wan , Xunan Dai , Zhuo Wang , Minglei Li , Yanpeng Wang , Yinan Mao , Yu Lan , Zhiwen Xiao

We study a sequential mechanism design problem in which a principal seeks to elicit truthful reports from multiple rational agents while starting with no prior knowledge of agents' beliefs. We introduce Distributionally Robust Adaptive…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Qiushi Han , David Simchi-Levi , Renfei Tan , Zishuo Zhao

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed to automate complex workflows in mobile and desktop environments. However, current model-centric agent architectures struggle to self-evolve post-deployment: improving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Zibin Liu , Cheng Zhang , Xi Zhao , Yunfei Feng , Bingyu Bai , Dahu Feng , Erhu Feng , Yubin Xia , Haibo Chen