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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling complex dialogue tasks without requiring use case-specific fine-tuning. However, analyzing live dialogues in real-time necessitates low-latency processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Xuanqing Liu , Luyang Kong , Wei Niu , Afshin Khashei , Belinda Zeng , Steve Johnson , Jon Jay , Davor Golac , Matt Pope

Large language models (LLMs) show promise in automating clinical diagnosis, yet their non-transparent decision-making and limited alignment with diagnostic standards hinder trust and clinical adoption. We address this challenge by proposing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yining Yuan , J. Ben Tamo , Micky C. Nnamdi , Yifei Wang , May D. Wang

Large language models (LLMs) perform substantially below human level on existing theory-of-mind (ToM) benchmarks, even when augmented with chain-of-thought prompting or probabilistic belief updates. We argue that these failures primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Wang Bill Zhu , Qiutong Tony Yi , Robin Jia , Jesse Thomason

The evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning is bottlenecked by the scarcity of high-quality process data. While self-alignment via endogenous rewards offers a solution, mining valid supervision faces three challenges: (1) Label…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yanyu Chen , Jiyue Jiang , Dianzhi Yu , Zheng Wu , Jiahong Liu , Jiaming Han , Xiao Guo , Jinhu Qi , Yu Li , Yifei Zhang , Irwin King

Learning analytics researchers often analyze qualitative student data such as coded annotations or interview transcripts to understand learning processes. With the rise of generative AI, fully automated and human-AI workflows have emerged…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Elham Tajik , Conrad Borchers , Bahar Shahrokhian , Sebastian Simon , Ali Keramati , Sonika Pal , Sreecharan Sankaranarayanan

Human annotators frequently disagree on emotion labels, yet most evaluations of Large Language Model (LLM) emotion annotation collapse these judgments into a single gold standard, discarding the distributional information that disagreement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Keito Inoshita , Xiaokang Zhou , Akira Kawai , Katsutoshi Yada

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) in customer service introduces new risks, as malicious actors can exploit them to conduct large-scale user impersonation through machine-generated text (MGT). Current MGT detection methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Angela Yifei Yuan , Haoyi Li , Soyeon Caren Han , Christopher Leckie

This paper addresses the conceptual, methodological and technical challenges in studying large language models (LLMs) and the texts they produce from a quantitative linguistics perspective. It builds on a theoretical framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Jiří Milička

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as conversational assistants in open-domain, multi-turn settings, where users often provide incomplete or ambiguous information. However, existing LLM-focused clarification benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Sichun Luo , Yi Huang , Mukai Li , Shichang Meng , Fengyuan Liu , Zefa Hu , Junlan Feng , Qi Liu

Theorem proving serves as a major testbed for evaluating complex reasoning abilities in large language models (LLMs). However, traditional automated theorem proving (ATP) approaches rely heavily on formal proof systems that poorly align…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Ziyin Zhang , Jiahao Xu , Zhiwei He , Tian Liang , Qiuzhi Liu , Yansi Li , Linfeng Song , Zhenwen Liang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rui Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Large Language models have demonstrated promising performance in research ideation across scientific domains. Hypothesis development, the process of generating a highly specific declarative statement connecting a research idea with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Rosni Vasu , Chandrayee Basu , Bhavana Dalvi Mishra , Cristina Sarasua , Peter Clark , Abraham Bernstein

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown impressive performance on tasks involving reasoning, leading to a lively debate on whether these models possess reasoning capabilities similar to humans. However, despite these successes, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Philipp Mondorf , Barbara Plank

This article analyzes the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) as support for the conceptual modeling of relational databases through the automatic generation of Entity-Relationship (ER) diagrams from natural language requirements. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Arthur F. Siqueira , Carlos D. S. Nogueira , Eduarda Farias , Claudio E. C. Campelo , Júlia Menezes

Large language models (LLMs) often appear to excel on public benchmarks, but these high scores may mask an overreliance on dataset-specific surface cues rather than true language understanding. We introduce the Chameleon Benchmark Overfit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Nurit Cohen-Inger , Yehonatan Elisha , Bracha Shapira , Lior Rokach , Seffi Cohen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in scientific domains. While they can produce reasoning-like content via methods such as chain-of-thought prompting, these outputs are typically unstructured and informal, obscuring whether…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Pengze Li , Jiaqi Liu , Junchi Yu , Lihao Liu , Mingyu Ding , Wanli Ouyang , Shixiang Tang , Xi Chen

Large language models (LLMs) can perform reasoning computations both internally within their latent space and externally by generating explicit token sequences like chains of thought. Significant progress in enhancing reasoning abilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi

Large language models (LLMs) are capable of writing grammatical text that follows instructions, answers questions, and solves problems. As they have advanced, it has become difficult to distinguish their output from human-written text.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Alex Reinhart , Ben Markey , Michael Laudenbach , Kachatad Pantusen , Ronald Yurko , Gordon Weinberg , David West Brown

Evaluating true metacognition in Large Language Models (LLMs) is difficult due to biases and heuristics. This paper presents a framework to measure and enhance LLM metacognition while controlling for these biases. A measurement method using…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sangjun Park , Elliot Meyerson , Xin Qiu , Risto Miikkulainen

Existing text representations such as embeddings and bag-of-words are not suitable for rule learning due to their high dimensionality and absent or questionable feature-level interpretability. This article explores whether large language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Vojtěch Balek , Lukáš Sýkora , Vilém Sklenák , Tomáš Kliegr

Large language models (LLMs) frequently encode factual and reasoning knowledge in their internal representations that is not faithfully reflected in their surface-level outputs -- a phenomenon known as \emph{latent knowledge}. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ji-jun Park , Soo-joon Choi , Jiwon Jeong , Taeyang Yoon , Ju-Wan Lee
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