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The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in climate science has recently gained significant attention. However, a critical issue remains: the lack of a comprehensive evaluation framework capable of assessing the quality and scientific…

How much do large language models actually hallucinate when answering questions grounded in provided documents? Despite the critical importance of this question for enterprise AI deployments, reliable measurement has been hampered by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 JV Roig

Tabular data is a fundamental component of real-world information systems, yet most research in table understanding remains confined to English, leaving multilingual comprehension significantly underexplored. Existing multilingual table…

A deep understanding of sports, a field rich in strategic and dynamic content, is crucial for advancing Natural Language Processing (NLP). This holds particular significance in the context of evaluating and advancing Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Haotian Xia , Zhengbang Yang , Yuqing Wang , Rhys Tracy , Yun Zhao , Dongdong Huang , Zezhi Chen , Yan Zhu , Yuan-fang Wang , Weining Shen

While Vision Language Models (VLMs) show advancing reasoning capabilities, their application in meteorology is constrained by a domain gap and a reasoning faithfulness gap. Specifically, mainstream Reinforcement Fine-Tuning (RFT) can induce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Kaiyu Wu , Pucheng Han , Hualong Zhang , Naigeng Wu , Keze Wang

Visual reasoning over structured data such as tables is a critical capability for modern vision-language models (VLMs), yet current benchmarks remain limited in scale, diversity, or reasoning depth, especially when it comes to rendered…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Boammani Aser Lompo , Marc Haraoui

Temporal reasoning is fundamental for large language models (LLMs) to comprehend the world. Current temporal reasoning datasets are limited to questions about single or isolated events, falling short in mirroring the realistic temporal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Zhaochen Su , Juntao Li , Jun Zhang , Tong Zhu , Xiaoye Qu , Pan Zhou , Yan Bowen , Yu Cheng , Min zhang

The rapid development of LLMs has sparked extensive research into their factual knowledge. Current works find that LLMs fall short on questions around low-frequency entities. However, such proofs are unreliable since the questions can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Qing Zong , Zhaowei Wang , Tianshi Zheng , Xiyu Ren , Yangqiu Song

This paper proposes a detailed prompting flow, termed Table-Logic, to investigate the performance contrasts between bigger and smaller language models (LMs) utilizing step-by-step reasoning methods in the TableQA task. The method processes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Haoyan Yang , Yixuan Wang , Keyue Tong , Hongjin Zhu , Yuanxin Zhang

Atomic decomposition -- breaking a candidate answer into claims before verifying each against a reference -- is a widely adopted design for LLM-based reference-grounded judges. However, atomic prompts are typically richer and longer, making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xinran Zhang

Current large language models (LLMs) struggle to answer questions that span tens of thousands of tokens, especially when multi-hop reasoning is involved. While prior benchmarks explore long-context comprehension or multi-hop reasoning in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Abhay Gupta , Michael Lu , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien , Vasu Sharma

In this paper, we introduce EconLogicQA, a rigorous benchmark designed to assess the sequential reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) within the intricate realms of economics, business, and supply chain management.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Yinzhu Quan , Zefang Liu

We introduce JobResQA, a multilingual Question Answering benchmark for evaluating Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) capabilities of LLMs on HR-specific tasks involving r\'esum\'es and job descriptions. The dataset comprises 581 QA pairs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Casimiro Pio Carrino , Paula Estrella , Rabih Zbib , Carlos Escolano , José A. R. Fonollosa

Recent advancements in transformer-based language models have sparked research into their logical reasoning capabilities. Most of the benchmarks used to evaluate these models are simple: generated from short (fragments of) first-order logic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Angelos Poulis , Eleni Tsalapati , Manolis Koubarakis

When answering a question, humans utilize the information available across different modalities to synthesize a consistent and complete chain of thought (CoT). This process is normally a black box in the case of deep learning models like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Pan Lu , Swaroop Mishra , Tony Xia , Liang Qiu , Kai-Wei Chang , Song-Chun Zhu , Oyvind Tafjord , Peter Clark , Ashwin Kalyan

In this paper, we introduce and apply Operations Research Question Answering (ORQA), a new benchmark designed to assess the generalization capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the specialized technical domain of Operations…

We introduce RoMQA, the first benchmark for robust, multi-evidence, multi-answer question answering (QA). RoMQA contains clusters of questions that are derived from related constraints mined from the Wikidata knowledge graph. RoMQA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Victor Zhong , Weijia Shi , Wen-tau Yih , Luke Zettlemoyer

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs), particularly in their reasoning capabilities, hold transformative potential for addressing complex challenges and boosting scientific discovery in atmospheric science. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chenyue Li , Wen Deng , Mengqian Lu , Binhang Yuan

To date, there exist almost no culturally-specific evaluation benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) that cover a large number of languages and cultures. In this paper, we present Global PIQA, a participatory commonsense reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Tyler A. Chang , Catherine Arnett , Abdelrahman Eldesokey , Abdelrahman Sadallah , Abeer Kashar , Abolade Daud , Abosede Grace Olanihun , Adamu Labaran Mohammed , Adeyemi Praise , Adhikarinayum Meerajita Sharma , Aditi Gupta , Afitab Iyigun , Afonso Simplício , Ahmed Essouaied , Aicha Chorana , Akhil Eppa , Akintunde Oladipo , Akshay Ramesh , Aleksei Dorkin , Alfred Malengo Kondoro , Alham Fikri Aji , Ali Eren Çetintaş , Allan Hanbury , Alou Dembele , Alp Niksarli , Álvaro Arroyo , Amin Bajand , Amol Khanna , Ana Chkhaidze , Ana Condez , Andiswa Mkhonto , Andrew Hoblitzell , Andrew Tran , Angelos Poulis , Anirban Majumder , Anna Vacalopoulou , Annette Kuuipolani Kanahele Wong , Annika Simonsen , Anton Kovalev , Ashvanth. S , Ayodeji Joseph Lana , Barkin Kinay , Bashar Alhafni , Benedict Cibalinda Busole , Bernard Ghanem , Bharti Nathani , Biljana Stojanovska Đurić , Bola Agbonile , Bragi Bergsson , Bruce Torres Fischer , Burak Tutar , Burcu Alakuş Çınar , Cade J. Kanoniakapueo Kane , Can Udomcharoenchaikit , Catherine Arnett , Chadi Helwe , Chaithra Reddy Nerella , Chen Cecilia Liu , Chiamaka Glory Nwokolo , Cristina España-Bonet , Cynthia Amol , DaeYeop Lee , Dana Arad , Daniil Dzenhaliou , Daria Pugacheva , Dasol Choi , Daud Abolade , David Liu , David Semedo , Deborah Popoola , Deividas Mataciunas , Delphine Nyaboke , Dhyuthy Krishna Kumar , Diogo Glória-Silva , Diogo Tavares , Divyanshu Goyal , DongGeon Lee , Ebele Nwamaka Anajemba , Egonu Ngozi Grace , Elena Mickel , Elena Tutubalina , Elias Herranen , Emile Anand , Emmanuel Habumuremyi , Emuobonuvie Maria Ajiboye , Eryawan Presma Yulianrifat , Esther Adenuga , Ewa Rudnicka , Faith Olabisi Itiola , Faran Taimoor Butt , Fathima Thekkekara , Fatima Haouari , Filbert Aurelian Tjiaranata , Firas Laakom , Francesca Grasso , Francesco Orabona , Francesco Periti , Gbenga Kayode Solomon , Gia Nghia Ngo , Gloria Udhehdhe-oze , Gonçalo Martins , Gopi Naga Sai Ram Challagolla , Guijin Son , Gulnaz Abdykadyrova , Hafsteinn Einarsson , Hai Hu , Hamidreza Saffari , Hamza Zaidi , Haopeng Zhang , Harethah Abu Shairah , Harry Vuong , Hele-Andra Kuulmets , Houda Bouamor , Hwanjo Yu , Iben Nyholm Debess , İbrahim Ethem Deveci , Ikhlasul Akmal Hanif , Ikhyun Cho , Inês Calvo , Inês Vieira , Isaac Manzi , Ismail Daud , Itay Itzhak , Iuliia , Alekseenko , Ivan Belashkin , Ivan Spada , Ivan Zhelyazkov , Jacob Brinton , Jafar Isbarov , Jaka Čibej , Jan Čuhel , Jan Kocoń , Jauza Akbar Krito , Jebish Purbey , Jennifer Mickel , Jennifer Za , Jenny Kunz , Jihae Jeong , Jimena Tena Dávalos , Jinu Lee , João Magalhães , John Yi , Jongin Kim , Joseph Chataignon , Joseph Marvin Imperial , Jubeerathan Thevakumar , Judith Land , Junchen Jiang , Jungwhan Kim , Kairit Sirts , Kamesh R , Kamesh V , Kanda Patrick Tshinu , Kätriin Kukk , Kaustubh Ponkshe , Kavsar Huseynova , Ke He , Kelly Buchanan , Kengatharaiyer Sarveswaran , Kerem Zaman , Khalil Mrini , Kian Kyars , Krister Kruusmaa , Kusum Chouhan , Lainitha Krishnakumar , Laura Castro Sánchez , Laura Porrino Moscoso , Leshem Choshen , Levent Sencan , Lilja Øvrelid , Lisa Alazraki , Lovina Ehimen-Ugbede , Luheerathan Thevakumar , Luxshan Thavarasa , Mahnoor Malik , Mamadou K. Keita , Mansi Jangid , Marco De Santis , Marcos García , Marek Suppa , Mariam D'Ciofalo , Marii Ojastu , Maryam Sikander , Mausami Narayan , Maximos Skandalis , Mehak Mehak , Mehmet İlteriş Bozkurt , Melaku Bayu Workie , Menan Velayuthan , Michael Leventhal , Michał Marcińczuk , Mirna Potočnjak , Mohammadamin Shafiei , Mridul Sharma , Mrityunjaya Indoria , Muhammad Ravi Shulthan Habibi , Murat Kolić , Nada Galant , Naphat Permpredanun , Narada Maugin , Nicholas Kluge Corrêa , Nikola Ljubešić , Nirmal Thomas , Nisansa de Silva , Nisheeth Joshi , Nitish Ponkshe , Nizar Habash , Nneoma C. Udeze , Noel Thomas , Noémi Ligeti-Nagy , Nouhoum Coulibaly , Nsengiyumva Faustin , Odunayo Kareemat Buliaminu , Odunayo Ogundepo , Oghojafor Godswill Fejiro , Ogundipe Blessing Funmilola , Okechukwu God'spraise , Olanrewaju Samuel , Olaoye Deborah Oluwaseun , Olasoji Akindejoye , Olga Popova , Olga Snissarenko , Onyinye Anulika Chiemezie , Orkun Kinay , Osman Tursun , Owoeye Tobiloba Moses , Oyelade Oluwafemi Joshua , Oyesanmi Fiyinfoluwa , Pablo Gamallo , Pablo Rodríguez Fernández , Palak Arora , Pedro Valente , Peter Rupnik , Philip Oghenesuowho Ekiugbo , Pramit Sahoo , Prokopis Prokopidis , Pua Niau-Puhipau , Quadri Yahya , Rachele Mignone , Raghav Singhal , Ram Mohan Rao Kadiyala , Raphael Merx , Rapheal Afolayan , Ratnavel Rajalakshmi , Rishav Ghosh , Romina Oji , Ron Kekeha Solis , Rui Guerra , Rushikesh Zawar , Sa'ad Nasir Bashir , Saeed Alzaabi , Sahil Sandeep , Sai Pavan Batchu , SaiSandeep Kantareddy , Salsabila Zahirah Pranida , Sam Buchanan , Samuel Rutunda , Sander Land , Sarah Sulollari , Sardar Ali , Saroj Sapkota , Saulius Tautvaisas , Sayambhu Sen , Sayantani Banerjee , Sebastien Diarra , SenthilNathan. M , Sewoong Lee , Shaan Shah , Shankar Venkitachalam , Sharifa Djurabaeva , Sharon Ibejih , Shivanya Shomir Dutta , Siddhant Gupta , Silvia Paniagua Suárez , Sina Ahmadi , Sivasuthan Sukumar , Siyuan Song , Snegha A. , Sokratis Sofianopoulos , Sona Elza Simon , Sonja Benčina , Sophie Gvasalia , Sphurti Kirit More , Spyros Dragazis , Stephan P. Kaufhold , Suba. S , Sultan AlRashed , Surangika Ranathunga , Taiga Someya , Taja Kuzman Pungeršek , Tal Haklay , Tasi'u Jibril , Tatsuya Aoyama , Tea Abashidze , Terenz Jomar Dela Cruz , Terra Blevins , Themistoklis Nikas , Theresa Dora Idoko , Thu Mai Do , Tilek Chubakov , Tommaso Gargiani , Uma Rathore , Uni Johannesen , Uwuma Doris Ugwu , Vallerie Alexandra Putra , Vanya Bannihatti Kumar , Varsha Jeyarajalingam , Varvara Arzt , Vasudevan Nedumpozhimana , Viktoria Ondrejova , Viktoryia Horbik , Vishnu Vardhan Reddy Kummitha , Vuk Dinić , Walelign Tewabe Sewunetie , Winston Wu , Xiaojing Zhao , Yacouba Diarra , Yaniv Nikankin , Yash Mathur , Yixi Chen , Yiyuan Li , Yolanda Xavier , Yonatan Belinkov , Yusuf Ismail Abayomi , Zaid Alyafeai , Zhengyang Shan , Zhi Rui Tam , Zilu Tang , Zuzana Nadova , Baber Abbasi , Stella Biderman , David Stap , Duygu Ataman , Fabian Schmidt , Hila Gonen , Jiayi Wang , David Ifeoluwa Adelani

As scientific knowledge grows at an unprecedented pace, evaluation benchmarks must evolve to reflect new discoveries and ensure language models are tested on current, diverse literature. We propose a scalable, modular framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Ozan Gokdemir , Neil Getty , Robert Underwood , Sandeep Madireddy , Franck Cappello , Arvind Ramanathan , Ian T. Foster , Rick L. Stevens