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Conventional recommender systems (RSs) face challenges in precisely capturing users' fine-grained preferences. Large language models (LLMs) have shown capabilities in commonsense reasoning and leveraging external tools that may help address…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Yuyue Zhao , Jiancan Wu , Xiang Wang , Wei Tang , Dingxian Wang , Maarten de Rijke

Large language models learn and continually learn through the accumulation of gradient-based updates, but how individual pieces of new information affect existing knowledge, leading to both beneficial generalization and problematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Chen Sun , Renat Aksitov , Andrey Zhmoginov , Nolan Andrew Miller , Max Vladymyrov , Ulrich Rueckert , Been Kim , Mark Sandler

As LLMs increasingly power agents that interact with external tools, tool use has become an essential mechanism for extending their capabilities. These agents typically select tools from growing databases or marketplaces to solve user…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Jonathan Sneh , Ruomei Yan , Jialin Yu , Philip Torr , Yarin Gal , Sunando Sengupta , Eric Sommerlade , Alasdair Paren , Adel Bibi

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in high-stakes domains, their ability to reason strategically under uncertainty becomes critical. Poker provides a rigorous testbed, requiring not only strong actions but also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Minhua Lin , Enyan Dai , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Yuliang Yan , Zhenwei Dai , Jingying Zeng , Zhiwei Zhang , Fali Wang , Hongcheng Gao , Chen Luo , Xiang Zhang , Qi He , Suhang Wang

LLMs increasingly excel on AI benchmarks, but doing so does not guarantee validity for downstream tasks. This study contrasts LLM alignment on benchmarks, downstream tasks, and, importantly the intended impact of those tasks. We evaluate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Michael Hardy , Yunsung Kim

Existing evaluations of tool learning primarily focus on validating the alignment of selected tools for large language models (LLMs) with expected outcomes. However, these approaches rely on a limited set of scenarios where answers can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Junjie Ye , Guanyu Li , Songyang Gao , Caishuang Huang , Yilong Wu , Sixian Li , Xiaoran Fan , Shihan Dou , Tao Ji , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang

Large language models (LLMs) acquire extensive knowledge during pre-training, known as their parametric knowledge. However, in order to remain up-to-date and align with human instructions, LLMs inevitably require external knowledge during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Cheng Qian , Xinran Zhao , Sherry Tongshuang Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have expanded their capabilities beyond language generation to interact with external tools, enabling automation and real-world applications. However, tool hallucinations, where models either select…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Hongshen Xu , Zichen Zhu , Lei Pan , Zihan Wang , Su Zhu , Da Ma , Ruisheng Cao , Lu Chen , Kai Yu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for causal and counterfactual reasoning, yet their reliability in real-world policy evaluation remains underexplored. We construct a benchmark of 40 empirical policy evaluation cases drawn…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yanjie He

Large language models (LLMs) acquire vast knowledge from large text corpora, but this information can become outdated or inaccurate. Since retraining is computationally expensive, knowledge editing offers an efficient alternative --…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Amir Mohammad Salehoof , Ali Ramezani , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi

Recent advancements in large reasoning models (LRMs) have significantly enhanced language models' capabilities in complex problem-solving by emulating human-like deliberative thinking. However, these models often exhibit overthinking (i.e.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Weixiang Zhao , Jiahe Guo , Yang Deng , Xingyu Sui , Yulin Hu , Yanyan Zhao , Wanxiang Che , Bing Qin , Tat-Seng Chua , Ting Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are a promising venue for natural language understanding and generation tasks. However, current LLMs are far from reliable: they are prone to generate non-factual information and, more crucially, to contradict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Diego Calanzone , Stefano Teso , Antonio Vergari

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has led many researchers to consider their usage for scientific work. Some have found benefits using LLMs to augment or automate aspects of their research pipeline, while others have urged caution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Zhehui Liao , Maria Antoniak , Inyoung Cheong , Evie Yu-Yen Cheng , Ai-Heng Lee , Kyle Lo , Joseph Chee Chang , Amy X. Zhang

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) encounters a significant challenge: models often fail to produce accurate responses, particularly in small-scale architectures. This limitation not only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Fu Chen , Peng Wang , Xiyin Li , Wen Li , Shichi Lei , Dongdong Xiang

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities in complex reasoning tasks by leveraging increased test-time computation and exhibiting behaviors reminiscent of human-like self-reflection. While LRMs show a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Qingcheng Zeng , Weihao Xuan , Leyang Cui , Rob Voigt

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a variety of tasks, but their increasing autonomy in real-world applications raises concerns about their trustworthiness. While hallucinations-unintentional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Haoran Huan , Mihir Prabhudesai , Mengning Wu , Shantanu Jaiswal , Deepak Pathak

As LLM-based agents increasingly rely on external tools, it is important to evaluate their ability to sustain tool-grounded reasoning beyond familiar workflows and short-range interactions. We introduce AgentEscapeBench, an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zhengkang Guo , Yiyang Li , Lin Qiu , Xiaohua Wang , Jingwen Xv , Dongyu Ru , Xiaoyu Li , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuezhi Cao , Xunliang Cai

Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) has emerged as a promising direction by extending Large Language Models' (LLMs) capabilities with external tools during reasoning. Existing TIR methods typically rely on external tool documentation during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Qiancheng Xu , Yongqi Li , Fan Liu , Hongru Wang , Min Yang , Wenjie Li

Modern large language models (LLMs) are used in many business applications in general, and specifically in web search systems and applications that generate overviews of search results - LLM Overview systems. Such systems are using an LLM…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Roman Smirnov

Instruction-tuning enhances the ability of large language models (LLMs) to follow user instructions more accurately, improving usability while reducing harmful outputs. However, this process may increase the model's dependence on user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Kyubeen Han , Junseo Jang , Hongjin Kim , Geunyeong Jeong , Harksoo Kim
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