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Recently, large language models (LLMs), especially those that are pretrained on code, have demonstrated strong capabilities in generating programs from natural language inputs in a few-shot or even zero-shot manner. Despite promising…

Large language models are increasingly becoming a popular tool for software development. Their ability to model and generate source code has been demonstrated in a variety of contexts, including code completion, summarization, translation,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Daniel Nichols , Joshua H. Davis , Zhaojun Xie , Arjun Rajaram , Abhinav Bhatele

With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) in code generation, human-AI interaction is evolving from static text responses to dynamic, interactive HTML-based applications, which we term MiniApps. These applications require…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zuhao Zhang , Chengyue Yu , Yuante Li , Chenyi Zhuang , Linjian Mo , Shuai Li

Task automation has been greatly empowered by the recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) via Python code, where the tasks ranging from software engineering development to general-purpose reasoning. While current benchmarks have…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code generation, but their proficiency in producing secure code remains a critical, under-explored area. Existing benchmarks often fall short by relying on synthetic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yanlin Wang , Ziyao Zhang , Chong Wang , Xinyi Xu , Mingwei Liu , Yong Wang , Jiachi Chen , Zibin Zheng

Towards an embodied generalist for real-world interaction, Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) agents still suffer from challenging latency, sparse feedback, and irreversible mistakes. Video games offer an ideal testbed with rich visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mingyu Ouyang , Siyuan Hu , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Hwee Tou Ng , Mike Zheng Shou

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in automated front-end engineering, e.g., generating UI code from visual designs. However, existing front-end UI code generation benchmarks have the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jingyu Xiao , Ming Wang , Man Ho Lam , Yuxuan Wan , Junliang Liu , Yintong Huo , Michael R. Lyu

Large language models (LLMs) have proven invaluable for code generation, particularly in interactive settings. However, existing code generation benchmarks fail to capture the diverse feedback encountered in multi-turn interactions,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Hojae Han , Seung-won Hwang , Rajhans Samdani , Yuxiong He

Large language models (LLMs) struggle to consistently generate UI code that compiles and produces visually relevant designs. Existing approaches to improve generation rely on expensive human feedback or distilling a proprietary model. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Jason Wu , Eldon Schoop , Alan Leung , Titus Barik , Jeffrey P. Bigham , Jeffrey Nichols

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in generating program code, opening exciting opportunities for applying program synthesis to games. In this work, we explore the potential of LLMs to directly synthesize usable…

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly improved code generation, yet most models remain text-only, neglecting crucial visual aids like diagrams and flowcharts used in real-world software development. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Linzheng Chai , Jian Yang , Shukai Liu , Wei Zhang , Liran Wang , Ke Jin , Tao Sun , Congnan Liu , Chenchen Zhang , Hualei Zhu , Jiaheng Liu , Xianjie Wu , Ge Zhang , Tianyu Liu , Zhoujun Li

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with visualization tasks like plotting diagrams, charts, where success depends on both code correctness and visual semantics. Existing instruction-tuning datasets lack execution-grounded…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuansheng Ni , Ping Nie , Kai Zou , Xiang Yue , Wenhu Chen

Evaluating AI agents within complex, interactive environments that mirror real-world challenges is critical for understanding their practical capabilities. While existing agent benchmarks effectively assess skills like tool use or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Long Phan , Mantas Mazeika , Andy Zou , Dan Hendrycks

Recent advancements have expanded the role of Large Language Models in board games from playing agents to creative co-designers. However, a critical gap remains: current systems lack the capacity to offer constructive critique grounded in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zizhen Li , Chuanhao Li , Yibin Wang , Yukang Feng , Jianwen Sun , Jiaxin Ai , Fanrui Zhang , Mingzhu Sun , Yifei Huang , Kaipeng Zhang

Code benchmarks such as HumanEval are widely adopted to evaluate the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), providing insights into their strengths and weaknesses. However, current benchmarks primarily exercise LLMs' capability on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Qiming Zhu , Jialun Cao , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Shing-Chi Cheung

This paper presents insights from evaluating 16 frontier large language models (LLMs) on the WebApp1K benchmark, a test suite designed to assess the ability of LLMs to generate web application code. The results reveal that while all models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Yi Cui

In this work, we make the first attempt to evaluate LLMs in a more challenging code generation scenario, i.e. class-level code generation. We first manually construct the first class-level code generation benchmark ClassEval of 100…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Xueying Du , Mingwei Liu , Kaixin Wang , Hanlin Wang , Junwei Liu , Yixuan Chen , Jiayi Feng , Chaofeng Sha , Xin Peng , Yiling Lou

GUI agents powered by LLMs show promise in interacting with diverse digital environments. Among these, video games offer a valuable testbed due to their varied interfaces, with adventure games posing additional challenges through complex,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jaewoo Ahn , Junseo Kim , Heeseung Yun , Jaehyeon Son , Dongmin Park , Jaewoong Cho , Gunhee Kim

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved code generation. As these models scale up, there is an increasing need for the output to handle more intricate tasks and to be appropriately specialized to particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Xiangru Tang , Bill Qian , Rick Gao , Jiakang Chen , Xinyun Chen , Mark Gerstein

Automating the transformation of user interface (UI) designs into front-end code holds significant promise for accelerating software development and democratizing design workflows. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yilei Jiang , Yaozhi Zheng , Yuxuan Wan , Jiaming Han , Qunzhong Wang , Michael R. Lyu , Xiangyu Yue