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Controlled gates are key components in various quantum algorithms. Improving on the prior work of Gosset et al., we show that, for an allowed error $\varepsilon$, $3\log_2(1/\varepsilon) + o(\log(1/\varepsilon))$ $T$ gates are sufficient to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Soichiro Yamazaki , Seiseki Akibue

Executing a logical quantum circuit fault-tolerantly incurs a large spacetime overhead. Recent work has proposed and investigated phantom codes, defined by the property that every in-block logical $\mathrm{CNOT}$ circuit can be implemented…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Arthur S. Morris , Daniel Malz

Qubit routing is a fundamental problem in quantum compilation, known to be NP-hard. Its dynamic nature makes local routing decisions propagate and compound over time, making global efficient solutions challenging. Existing heuristic methods…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Kien X. Nguyen , Ankit Kulshrestha , Ilya Safro , Xiaoyuan Liu

CNOT circuits are a common building block of general quantum circuits. The problem of synthesizing and optimizing such circuits has received a lot of attention in the quantum computing literature. This problem is especially challenging for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-09 Nir Gavrielov , Alexander Ivrii , Shelly Garion

We present improved quantum circuit for modular exponentiation of a constant, which is the most expensive operation in Shor's algorithm for integer factorization. While previous work mostly focuses on minimizing the number of qubits or the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Xia Liu , Huan Yang , Li Yang

This paper examines QAOA in the context of parity network synthesis. We propose a pair of algorithms for parity network synthesis and linear circuit inversion. Together, these algorithms can build the diagonal component of the QAOA circuit,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-20 Colin Campbell , Edward D Dahl

We present a quantum SWAP gate valid for quantum systems of an arbitrary dimension. The gate generalizes the CNOT implementation of the SWAP gate for qubits and keeps its most important properties, like symmetry and simplicity. We only use…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-30 Juan Carlos Garcia-Escartin , Pedro Chamorro-Posada

Clifford circuit optimization is an important step in the quantum compilation pipeline. Major compilers employ heuristic approaches. While they are fast, their results are often suboptimal. Minimization of noisy gates, like 2-qubit CNOT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Irfansha Shaik , Jaco van de Pol

We improve the number of $T$ gates needed for a $b$-bit approximation of a multiplexed quantum gate with $c$ controls applying $n$ single-qubit arbitrary phase rotations from $4n b+\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{cn b})$ to $2n b+\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{cn…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-27 Guang Hao Low

Blocks composed of {CNOT, Rz} are ubiquitous in modern quantum applications, notably in circuits such as QAOA ansatzes and quantum adders. After compilation, many of them exhibit large CNOT counts or depths, which lowers fidelity.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Xinpeng Li , Ji Liu , Shuai Xu , Paul Hovland , Vipin Chaudhary

We consider the decomposition of arbitrary isometries into a sequence of single-qubit and Controlled-NOT (C-NOT) gates. In many experimental architectures, the C-NOT gate is relatively 'expensive' and hence we aim to keep the number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-10 Raban Iten , Roger Colbeck , Ivan Kukuljan , Jonathan Home , Matthias Christandl

The three-input TOFFOLI gate is the workhorse of circuit synthesis for classical logic operations on quantum data, e.g., reversible arithmetic circuits. In physical implementations, however, TOFFOLI gates are decomposed into six CNOT gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-03 Vivek V. Shende , Igor L. Markov

Quantum error correction and fault-tolerance make it possible to perform quantum computations in the presence of imprecision and imperfections of realistic devices. An important question is to find the noise rate at which errors can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-30 Christopher Chamberland , Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Raymond Laflamme

We use a random search technique to find quantum gate sequences that implement perfect quantum state preparation or unitary operator synthesis with arbitrary targets. This approach is based on the recent discovery that there is a large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-25 Sahel Ashhab , Fumiki Yoshihara , Miwako Tsuji , Mitsuhisa Sato , Kouichi Semba

We developed a general framework for synthesizing target gates by using a finite set of basic gates, which is a crucial step in quantum compilation. When approximating a gate in SU($n$), a naive brute-force search requires a computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Soichiro Yamazaki , Seiseki Akibue

We propose a quantum circuit composed of $cNOT$ gates and four single-qubit gates to generate a $W$ state of three qubits. This circuit was then enhanced by integrating two-qubit gates to create a $W$ state of four and five qubits. After a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 Firat Diker

The compiling of quantum gates is crucial for the successful quantum algorithm implementations. The environmental noise as well as the bandwidth of control pulses pose a challenge to precise and fast qubit control, especially in a weakly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-16 Run-Hong He , Ren-Feng Hua , Arapat Ablimit , Zhao-Ming Wang

We introduce an improved CNOT synthesis algorithm that considers nearest-neighbour interactions and CNOT gate error rates in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware. Compared to IBM's Qiskit compiler, it improves the fidelity of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-31 Dohun Kim , Minyoung Kim , Sarah Meng Li , Michele Mosca

Quantum computing has transformative computational power to make classically intractable computing feasible. As the algorithms that achieve practical quantum advantage are beyond manual tuning, quantum circuit optimization has become…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Zihan Chen , Henry Chen , Yuwei Jin , Minghao Guo , Enhyeok Jang , Jiakang Li , Caitlin Chan , Won Woo Ro , Eddy Z. Zhang

"Qubit routing" refers to the task of modifying quantum circuits so that they satisfy the connectivity constraints of a target quantum computer. This involves inserting SWAP gates into the circuit so that the logical gates only ever occur…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-03 Matteo G. Pozzi , Steven J. Herbert , Akash Sengupta , Robert D. Mullins