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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides an experimental readout of local chemical environments, but its use in molecular representation learning has been constrained by heterogeneous data and incomplete atom-level…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Jiebin Fang , Zidi Yan , Churu Mao , Yongjun Jiang , Xinyi Tang , Lei Miao , Dan Lu , Yun Huang , Wanjing Ding , Zhongjun Ma

Advances in biomedicine are largely fueled by exploring uncharted territories of human biology. Machine learning can both enable and accelerate discovery, but faces a fundamental hurdle when applied to unseen data with distributions that…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-30 Tian Cai , Li Xie , Muge Chen , Yang Liu , Di He , Shuo Zhang , Cameron Mura , Philip E. Bourne , Lei Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess strong representation and reasoning capabilities, but their application to structure-based drug design (SBDD) is limited by insufficient understanding of protein structures and unpredictable molecular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xuanning Hu , Anchen Li , Qianli Xing , Jinglong Ji , Hao Tuo , Bo Yang

Accurate prediction of drug-target binding affinity can accelerate drug discovery by prioritizing promising compounds before costly wet-lab screening. While deep learning has advanced this task, most models fuse ligand and protein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Mohammadsaleh Refahi , Bahrad A. Sokhansanj , James R. Brown , Gail Rosen

Generating molecules that bind to specific proteins is an important but challenging task in drug discovery. Previous works usually generate atoms in an auto-regressive way, where element types and 3D coordinates of atoms are generated one…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-16 Haitao Lin , Yufei Huang , Odin Zhang , Siqi Ma , Meng Liu , Xuanjing Li , Lirong Wu , Jishui Wang , Tingjun Hou , Stan Z. Li

Coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics simulations enable efficient exploration of protein conformational ensembles. However, reconstructing atomic details from CG structures (backmapping) remains a challenging problem. Current approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Xu Han , Yuancheng Sun , Kai Chen , Yuxuan Ren , Kang Liu , Qiwei Ye

3D deep learning is a growing field of interest due to the vast amount of information stored in 3D formats. Triangular meshes are an efficient representation for irregular, non-uniform 3D objects. However, meshes are often challenging to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Ayaan Haque , Hankyu Moon , Heng Hao , Sima Didari , Jae Oh Woo , Patrick Bangert

We propose HydraScreen, a deep-learning approach that aims to provide a framework for more robust machine-learning-accelerated drug discovery. HydraScreen utilizes a state-of-the-art 3D convolutional neural network, designed for the…

The cornerstone of computational drug design is the calculation of binding affinity between two biological counterparts, especially a chemical compound, i.e., a ligand, and a protein. Predicting the strength of protein-ligand binding with…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-12-04 Yanjun Li , Mohammad A. Rezaei , Chenglong Li , Xiaolin Li , Dapeng Wu

The prediction modeling of drug-target interactions is crucial to drug discovery and design, which has seen rapid advancements owing to deep learning technologies. Recently developed methods, such as those based on graph neural networks…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-19 Xinnan Zhang , Jialin Wu , Junyi Xie , Tianlong Chen , Kaixiong Zhou

Protein one-dimensional (1D) structures such as secondary structure and contact number provide intuitive pictures to understand how the native three-dimensional (3D) structure of a protein is encoded in the amino acid sequence. However, it…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Akira R. Kinjo , Ken Nishikawa

Figuring out small molecule binding sites in target proteins, in the resolution of either pocket or residue, is critical in many virtual and real drug-discovery scenarios. Since it is not always easy to find such binding sites based on…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-04-19 Daeseok Lee , Jeunghyun Byun , Bonggun Shin

Language models are powerful tools for molecular design. Currently, the dominant paradigm is to parse molecular graphs into linear string representations that can easily be trained on. This approach has been very successful, however, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Daniel Flam-Shepherd , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Equivariant diffusion models have achieved impressive performance in 3D molecule generation. These models incorporate Euclidean symmetries of 3D molecules by utilizing an SE(3)-equivariant denoising network. However, specialized equivariant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yuhui Ding , Thomas Hofmann

Self-supervised learning has proved effective for skeleton-based human action understanding, which is an important yet challenging topic. Previous works mainly rely on contrastive learning or masked motion modeling paradigm to model the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Jiahang Zhang , Lilang Lin , Jiaying Liu

Linearized string representations serve as the foundation of scalable autoregressive molecular generation; however, they introduce a fundamental modality mismatch where a single molecular graph maps to multiple distinct sequences. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Xinyu Wang , Fei Dou , Jinbo Bi , Minghu Song

Medicinal chemists often optimize drugs considering their 3D structures and designing structurally distinct molecules that retain key features, such as shapes, pharmacophores, or chemical properties. Previous deep learning approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Zitao Chen , Yinjun Jia , Zitong Tian , Wei-Ying Ma , Yanyan Lan

Sequencing a genome to determine an individual's DNA produces an enormous number of short nucleotide subsequences known as reads, which must be reassembled to reconstruct the full genome. We present a method for analyzing this type of data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Filip Thor , Carl Nettelblad

With the recent advances in machine learning for quantum chemistry, it is now possible to predict the chemical properties of compounds and to generate novel molecules. Existing generative models mostly use a string- or graph-based…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-14 Vitali Nesterov , Mario Wieser , Volker Roth

Pretraining on a large number of unlabeled 3D molecules has showcased superiority in various scientific applications. However, prior efforts typically focus on pretraining models in a specific domain, either proteins or small molecules,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Rui Jiao , Xiangzhe Kong , Li Zhang , Ziyang Yu , Fangyuan Ren , Wenjuan Tan , Wenbing Huang , Yang Liu