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Chain-of-thought prompting has demonstrated great success in facilitating the reasoning abilities of large language models. In this work, we explore how these enhanced reasoning abilities can be exploited to improve the robustness of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Wenxiao Wang , Parsa Hosseini , Soheil Feizi

Self-consistency with chain-of-thought prompting (CoT) has demonstrated remarkable performance gains on various challenging tasks, by utilizing multiple reasoning paths sampled from large language models (LLMs). However, self-consistency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Xinyun Chen , Renat Aksitov , Uri Alon , Jie Ren , Kefan Xiao , Pengcheng Yin , Sushant Prakash , Charles Sutton , Xuezhi Wang , Denny Zhou

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought substantial attention to the Chain of Thought (CoT) approach, primarily due to its ability to enhance the capability of LLMs on complex reasoning tasks. Moreover, the significance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Bingshuai Liu , Chenyang Lyu , Zijun Min , Zhanyu Wang , Jinsong Su , Longyue Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit factual inconsistencies and logical decay in extended, multi-turn dialogues, a challenge stemming from their reliance on static, pre-trained knowledge and an inability to reason adaptively over the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Xiang Lei , Qin Li , Min Zhang , Min Zhang

In Large Language Models (LLMs), there have been consistent advancements in task-specific performance, largely influenced by effective prompt design. Recent advancements in prompting have enhanced reasoning in logic-intensive tasks for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yuqing Wang , Yun Zhao

When not using reasoning, repeating the input prompt improves performance for popular models (Gemini, GPT, Claude, and Deepseek) without increasing the number of generated tokens or latency.

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Yaniv Leviathan , Matan Kalman , Yossi Matias

Prior research has demonstrated noticeable performance gains through the use of probabilistic tokenizations, an approach that involves employing multiple tokenizations of the same input string during the training phase of a language model.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Ashutosh Sathe , Divyanshu Aggarwal , Sunayana Sitaram

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled general-purpose systems to perform increasingly complex domain-specific reasoning without extensive fine-tuning. In the medical domain, decision-making often requires integrating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shansong Wang , Mingzhe Hu , Qiang Li , Mojtaba Safari , Xiaofeng Yang

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong capabilities across various tasks, they exhibit significant performance discrepancies across languages. While prompting LLMs in English typically yields the highest general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Andrew Ivan Soegeng , Patrick Sutanto , Tan Sang Nguyen

Calibration, which establishes the correlation between accuracy and model confidence, is important for LLM development. We design three off-the-shelf calibration methods based on self-consistency (Wang et al., 2022) for math reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Ante Wang , Linfeng Song , Ye Tian , Baolin Peng , Lifeng Jin , Haitao Mi , Jinsong Su , Dong Yu

Reinforcement learning (RL) is often credited with improving language model reasoning and generalization at the expense of degrading memorized knowledge. We challenge this narrative by observing that RL-enhanced models consistently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Renfei Zhang , Manasa Kaniselvan , Niloofar Mireshghallah

Self-consistency (Wang et al., 2023) suggests that the most consistent answer obtained through large language models (LLMs) is more likely to be correct. In this paper, we challenge this argument and propose a nuanced correction. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Alex Nguyen , Dheeraj Mekala , Chengyu Dong , Jingbo Shang

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in question answering (QA), but metrics for assessing their reliance on memorization versus retrieval remain underdeveloped. Moreover, while finetuned models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Peter Carragher , Abhinand Jha , R Raghav , Kathleen M. Carley

There has been considerable divergence of opinion on the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). While the initial optimism that reasoning might emerge automatically with scale has been tempered thanks to a slew of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Kaya Stechly , Karthik Valmeekam , Subbarao Kambhampati

Large language models have emerged as powerful tools for general intelligence, showcasing advanced natural language processing capabilities that find applications across diverse domains. Despite their impressive performance, recent studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Elita Lobo , Chirag Agarwal , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in both research and real-world applications, but they still struggle with hallucination. Existing hallucination detection methods often perform poorly on sentence-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Weizhi Gao , Xiaorui Liu , Feiyi Wang , Dan Lu , Junqi Yin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities, and as existing approaches for enhancing LLM reasoning continue to mature, increasing attention has shifted toward meta-reasoning as a promising direction for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ziqing Zhuang , Linhai Zhang , Jiasheng Si , Deyu Zhou , Yulan He

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising results in text annotation using zero-shot and few-shot learning. Yet these approaches do not allow the model to retain information from previous annotations, making each response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Joan C. Timoneda , Sebastián Vallejo Vera

In the age of large-scale language models, benchmarks like the Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) have been pivotal in pushing the boundaries of what AI can achieve in language comprehension and reasoning across diverse…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in document understanding, a rapidly growing research area with significant industrial demand. As a multimodal task, document understanding requires models to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Zirui Shao , Feiyu Gao , Zhaoqing Zhu , Chuwei Luo , Hangdi Xing , Zhi Yu , Qi Zheng , Ming Yan , Jiajun Bu