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Large Language Models (LLMs) challenge the validity of traditional open-ended assessments by blurring the lines of authorship. While recent research has focused on the accuracy of automated scoring (AES), these static approaches fail to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Tom Lee , Sihoon Lee , Seonghun Kim

Code reviews are a critical yet time-consuming aspect of modern software development, increasingly challenged by growing system complexity and the demand for faster delivery. This paper presents a study conducted at WirelessCar Sweden AB,…

AI-based code review tools automatically review and comment on pull requests to improve code quality. Despite their growing presence, little is known about their actual impact. We present a large-scale empirical study of 16 popular AI-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Kexin Sun , Hongyu Kuang , Sebastian Baltes , Xin Zhou , He Zhang , Xiaoxing Ma , Guoping Rong , Dong Shao , Christoph Treude

Many software systems originate as prototypes or minimum viable products (MVPs), developed with an emphasis on delivery speed and responsiveness to changing requirements rather than long-term code maintainability. While effective for rapid…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Ema Smolic , Mario Brcic , Luka Hobor , Mihael Kovac

Existing datasets for multimodal table understanding, such as MMTab, primarily provide short factual answers without explicit multi-step reasoning supervision. Models trained on these datasets often generate brief responses that offers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Van-Quang Nguyen , Takayuki Okatani

Generative AI technologies promise to transform the product development lifecycle. This study evaluates the efficiency gains, areas for improvement, and emerging challenges of using GitHub Copilot, an AI-powered coding assistant. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Ruchika Pandey , Prabhat Singh , Raymond Wei , Shaila Shankar

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for qualitative data analysis (QDA), yet their outputs often miss the depth and nuance of human analysis. We argue this gap reflects a missing credibility practice from human QDA: peer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhimin Lin , Kun Cheng , Fan Bai , Jie Gao

The remarkable advances in AI and Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled machines to write code, accelerating the growth of software systems. However, the bottleneck in software development is not writing code but understanding it;…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Adam Tornhill , Markus Borg , Nadim Hagatulah , Emma Söderberg

AI coding tools are widely adopted, but most teams plateau at prompt-and-review without a framework for systematic progression. This paper presents the AI Codebase Maturity Model (ACMM), a 6-level framework describing how codebases evolve…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Andy Anderson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced Automated Heuristic Design (AHD) in combinatorial optimization (CO) in the past few years. However, existing discovery pipelines often require extensive manual trial-and-error or reliance on domain…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Mingxin Yu , Ruixiao Yang , Chuchu Fan

Large language models (LLMs) can refine their responses based on feedback, enabling self-improvement through iterative training or test-time refinement. However, existing methods predominantly focus on refinement within the same reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Dian Yu , Yuheng Zhang , Jiahao Xu , Tian Liang , Linfeng Song , Zhaopeng Tu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Large language models (LLMs) allow for sophisticated qualitative coding of large datasets, but zero- and few-shot classifiers can produce an intolerable number of errors, even with careful, validated prompting. We present a simple,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zackary Okun Dunivin , Mobina Noori , Seth Frey , Curtis Atkinson

Thematic analysis is widely used in qualitative research but can be difficult to scale because of its iterative, interpretive demands. We introduce DeTAILS, a toolkit that integrates large language model (LLM) assistance into a workflow…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Ansh Sharma , Karen Cochrane , James R. Wallace

Hospital Quality Improvement (QI) plays a critical role in optimizing healthcare delivery by translating high-level hospital goals into actionable solutions. A critical step of QI is to identify the key modifiable contributing factors, a…

Online question-and-answer (Q\&A) systems based on the Large Language Model (LLM) have progressively diverged from recreational to professional use. This paper proposed a Multi-Agent framework with environmentally reinforcement learning…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Jiapeng Yu , Yuqian Wu , Yajing Zhan , Wenhao Guo , Zhou Xu , Raymond Lee

Background: Quality requirements (QRs) describe desired system qualities, playing an important role in the success of software projects. In the context of agile software development (ASD), where the main objective is the fast delivery of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Lidia López , Alessandra Bagnato , Antonin Ahbervé , Xavier Franch

Recent large language models (LLM) are leveraging human feedback to improve their generation quality. However, human feedback is costly to obtain, especially during inference. In this work, we propose LLMRefine, an inference time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Wenda Xu , Daniel Deutsch , Mara Finkelstein , Juraj Juraska , Biao Zhang , Zhongtao Liu , William Yang Wang , Lei Li , Markus Freitag

Automated regression testing is essential for maintaining rapid, high-quality delivery in Agile and Scrum organizations. Many teams, including Hacon (a Siemens company), face a persistent gap: validated test specifications accumulate faster…

LLMs are increasingly employed both as judges for evaluating open-ended outputs and as co-creation partners in AI-assisted programming; yet rigorous evaluation in human-AI co-creation settings remains underdeveloped as judgments must be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Md Faizul Ibne Amin , Yutaka Watanobe , Daniel M. Muepu , Haruto Suzuki , Kenta Nanaumi , Md Mostafizer Rahman

AI-powered code assistants are widely used to generate code completions, significantly boosting developer productivity. However, these tools typically present suggestions without explaining their rationale, leaving their decision-making…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Runlong Ye , Zeling Zhang , Boushra Almazroua , Michael Liut