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Related papers: OLLM: Options-based Large Language Models

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Large Language Models (LLMs) fine-tuning techniques not only improve the adaptability to diverse downstream tasks, but also mitigate adverse effects of model quantization. Despite this, conventional quantization suffers from its structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Shaoyuan Chen , Zhixuan Chen , Dawei Yang , Zhihang Yuan , Qiang Wu

The static ``train then deploy" paradigm fundamentally limits Large Language Models (LLMs) from dynamically adapting their weights in response to continuous streams of new information inherent in real-world tasks. Test-Time Training (TTT)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Guhao Feng , Shengjie Luo , Kai Hua , Ge Zhang , Di He , Wenhao Huang , Tianle Cai

Interpretable machine learning aims to provide transparent models whose decision-making processes can be readily understood by humans. Recent advances in rule-based approaches, such as expressive Boolean formulas (BoolXAI), offer faithful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Du Cheng , Serdar Kadioglu , Xin Wang

Adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to downstream tasks using Reinforcement Learning (RL) has proven to be an effective approach. However, LLMs do not inherently define the structure of an agent for RL training, particularly in terms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Chengxing Jia , Ziniu Li , Pengyuan Wang , Yi-Chen Li , Zhenyu Hou , Yuxiao Dong , Yang Yu

Efficient path planning in robotics, particularly within large-scale, complex environments, remains a significant hurdle. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer strong reasoning capabilities, their high computational cost and limited…

While scaling laws have been continuously validated in large language models (LLMs) with increasing model parameters, the inherent tension between the inference demands of LLMs and the limited resources of edge devices poses a critical…

We propose VulnLLM-R, the~\emph{first specialized reasoning LLM} for vulnerability detection. Our key insight is that LLMs can reason about program states and analyze the potential vulnerabilities, rather than simple pattern matching. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yuzhou Nie , Hongwei Li , Chengquan Guo , Ruizhe Jiang , Zhun Wang , Bo Li , Dawn Song , Wenbo Guo

The sequential recommendation problem has attracted considerable research attention in the past few years, leading to the rise of numerous recommendation models. In this work, we explore how Large Language Models (LLMs), which are nowadays…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Artun Boz , Wouter Zorgdrager , Zoe Kotti , Jesse Harte , Panos Louridas , Dietmar Jannach , Vassilios Karakoidas , Marios Fragkoulis

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) and storing them for each downstream task or domain is impractical because of the massive model size (e.g., 350GB in GPT-3). Current literature, such as LoRA, showcases the potential of low-rank…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Soroush Abbasi Koohpayegani , KL Navaneet , Parsa Nooralinejad , Soheil Kolouri , Hamed Pirsiavash

Goal-oriented de novo molecule design, namely generating molecules with specific property or substructure constraints, is a crucial yet challenging task in drug discovery. Existing methods, such as Bayesian optimization and reinforcement…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Chuanliu Fan , Ziqiang Cao , Zicheng Ma , Nan Yu , Yimin Peng , Jun Zhang , Yiqin Gao , Guohong Fu

Large language models (LLMs) contain substantial factual knowledge which is commonly elicited by multiple-choice question-answering prompts. Internally, such models process the prompt through multiple transformer layers, building varying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Didier Chételat , Joseph Cotnareanu , Rylee Thompson , Yingxue Zhang , Mark Coates

To address the growing demand for on-device LLM inference in resource-constrained environments, hybrid language models (HLM) have emerged, combining lightweight local models with powerful cloud-based LLMs. Recent studies on HLM have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Jihoon Park , Seungeun Oh , Seong-Lyun Kim

The recent success of Large Language Models (LLMs) has gained significant attention in both academia and industry. Substantial efforts have been made to enhance the zero- and few-shot generalization capabilities of open-source LLMs through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Zongxi Li , Xianming Li , Yuzhang Liu , Haoran Xie , Jing Li , Fu-lee Wang , Qing Li , Xiaoqin Zhong

Currently, large language models (LLMs) predominantly focus on the text modality. To enable more natural human-AI interaction, speech LLMs are emerging, but building effective end-to-end speech LLMs remains challenging due to limited data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yan Zhou , Qingkai Fang , Yun Hong , Yang Feng

Small language models (SLMs) offer computational efficiency for scalable deployment, yet they often fall short of the reasoning power exhibited by their larger counterparts (LLMs). To mitigate this gap, current approaches invoke an LLM to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Wenxuan Ye , Yangyang Zhang , Xueli An , Georg Carle , Yunpu Ma

Native Omni-modal Large Language Models (OLLMs) have shifted from pipeline architectures to unified representation spaces. However, this native integration gives rise to a critical yet underexplored phenomenon: modality preference. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Xinru Yan , Boxi Cao , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Weixiang Zhou , Le Sun , Xianpei Han

With the success of pre-trained visual-language (VL) models such as CLIP in visual representation tasks, transferring pre-trained models to downstream tasks has become a crucial paradigm. Recently, the prompt tuning paradigm, which draws…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Jingsheng Gao , Jiacheng Ruan , Suncheng Xiang , Zefang Yu , Ke Ji , Mingye Xie , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu

Consistently scaling pre-trained language models (PLMs) imposes substantial burdens on model adaptation, necessitating more efficient alternatives to conventional fine-tuning. Given the advantage of prompting in the zero-shot setting and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Yulin Chen , Ning Ding , Xiaobin Wang , Shengding Hu , Hai-Tao Zheng , Zhiyuan Liu , Pengjun Xie

Building interactive omni-modal assistants often relies on end-to-end multimodal alignment to fuse heterogeneous modalities, which incurs substantial data and compute costs and limits extensibility. We present Training-Free Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Tianyu Xie , Yuexiao Ma , Yuhang Wu , Wang Chen , Jiayi Ji , Tat-Seng Chua , Xiawu Zheng , Rongrong Ji

Hybrid Language Models (HLMs) combine the low-latency efficiency of Small Language Models (SLMs) on edge devices with the high accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) on centralized servers. Unlike traditional end-to-end LLM inference,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Faranaksadat Solat , Joohyung Lee , Mohamed Seif , Dusit Niyato , H. Vincent Poor