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GUI testing checks if a software system behaves as expected when users interact with its graphical interface, e.g., testing specific functionality or validating relevant use case scenarios. Currently, deciding what to test at this high…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Juyeon Yoon , Robert Feldt , Shin Yoo

GUI grounding models report over 85% accuracy on standard benchmarks, yet drop 27-56 percentage points when instructions require spatial reasoning rather than direct element naming. Current benchmarks miss this because they evaluate each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yangyue Wang , Harshvardhan Sikka , Yash Mathur , Tony Zhou , Jinu Nyachhyon , Pranav Guruprasad

Cyber-physical software continually interacts with its physical environment for adaptation in order to deliver smart services. However, the interactions can be subject to various errors when the software's assumption on its environment no…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-07-09 Yi Qin , Tao Xie , Chang Xu , Angello Astorga , Jian Lu

In the manufacturing industry, defect detection is an essential but challenging task aiming to detect defects generated in the process of production. Though traditional YOLO models presents a good performance in defect detection, they still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Zuo Zuo , Jiahao Dong , Yue Gao , Zongze Wu

Autonomous agents capable of navigating Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) hold the potential to revolutionize digital productivity. However, achieving true digital autonomy extends beyond reactive element matching; it necessitates a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hongxin Li , Xiping Wang , Jingran Su , Zheng Ju , Yuntao Chen , Qing Li , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Vulnerability detection is crucial to protect software security. Nowadays, deep learning (DL) is the most promising technique to automate this detection task, leveraging its superior ability to extract patterns and representations within…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yuejun Guo , Qiang Hu , Qiang Tang , Yves Le Traon

Android Apps are frequently updated, every couple of weeks, to keep up with changing user, hardware and business demands. Correctness of App updates is checked through extensive testing. Recent research has proposed tools for automated GUI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Chao Peng , Ajitha Rajan

The increasing frequency of attacks on Android applications coupled with the recent popularity of large language models (LLMs) necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the capabilities of the latter in identifying potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Vasileios Kouliaridis , Georgios Karopoulos , Georgios Kambourakis

Nowadays, mobile applications are essential tools for everyday life, providing users with anytime, anywhere access to up-to-date information, communication, and entertainment. Needless to say, hardware limitations and the diverse needs of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Pawel Weichbroth , Tomasz Szot

Software defect prediction (SDP) aims to identify high-risk defect modules in software development, optimizing resource allocation. While previous studies show that dependency network metrics improve defect prediction, most methods focus on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yu Qiao , Lina Gong , Yu Zhao , Yongwei Wang , Mingqiang Wei

With the rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence technology, Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have demonstrated tremendous potential for autonomously managing daily tasks through natural language instructions. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Fengxian Ji , Jingpu Yang , Zirui Song , Yuanxi Wang , Zhexuan Cui , Yuke Li , Qian Jiang , Miao Fang , Xiuying Chen

Context: Accessibility issues (e.g., small size and narrow interval) in mobile applications (apps) lead to obstacles for billions of low vision users in interacting with Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). Although GUI accessibility scanning…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Mengxi Zhang , Huaxiao Liu , Shenning Song , Chunyang Chen , Pei Huang , Jian Zhao

With VLM-powered computer-using agents (CUAs) becoming increasingly capable at graphical user interface (GUI) navigation and manipulation, reliable step-level decision-making has emerged as a key bottleneck for real-world deployment. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Zhenyu Wu , Jingjing Xie , Zehao Li , Bowen Yang , Qiushi Sun , Zhaoyang Liu , Zhoumianze Liu , Yu Qiao , Xiangyu Yue , Zun Wang , Zichen Ding

Multimodal large language models often struggle with faithful reasoning in complex visual scenes, where intricate entities and relations require precise visual grounding at each step. This reasoning unfaithfulness frequently manifests as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Chuhan Wang , Xintong Li , Jennifer Yuntong Zhang , Junda Wu , Chengkai Huang , Lina Yao , Julian McAuley , Jingbo Shang

The HyperText Markup Language 5 (HTML5) <canvas> is useful for creating visual-centric web applications. However, unlike traditional web applications, HTML5 <canvas> applications render objects onto the <canvas> bitmap without representing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Finlay Macklon , Cor-Paul Bezemer

Nucleus detection in histopathology whole slide images (WSIs) is crucial for a broad spectrum of clinical applications. The gigapixel size of WSIs necessitates the use of sliding window methodology for nucleus detection. However, mainstream…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-10 Zhongyi Shui , Honglin Li , Yunlong Zhang , Yuxuan Sun , Yiwen Ye , Pingyi Chen , Ruizhe Guo , Lei Cui , Chenglu Zhu , Lin Yang

Application Programming Interface (API) incompatibility is a long-standing issue in Android application development. The rapid evolution of Android APIs results in a significant number of API additions, removals, and changes between…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Shidong Pan , Tianchen Guo , Lihong Zhang , Pei Liu , Zhenchang Xing , Xiaoyu Sun

Graphical User Interface (GUI) is not merely a collection of individual and unrelated widgets, but rather partitions discrete widgets into groups by various visual cues, thus forming higher-order perceptual units such as tab, menu, card or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Mulong Xie , Zhenchang Xing , Sidong Feng , Chunyang Chen , Liming Zhu , Xiwei Xu

The rapid growth of mobile applications has escalated Android malware threats. Although there are numerous detection methods, they often struggle with evolving attacks, dataset biases, and limited explainability. Large Language Models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Xingzhi Qian , Xinran Zheng , Yiling He , Shuo Yang , Lorenzo Cavallaro

Context. Multiple automated techniques have been proposed and developed for mobile application GUI testing aiming to improve effectiveness, efficiency, and practicality. The effectiveness, efficiency, and practicality are 3 fundamental…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Yauhen Leanidavich Arnatovich , Lipo Wang