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Inference-time alignment provides an efficient alternative for aligning LLMs with humans. However, these approaches still face challenges, such as limited scalability due to policy-specific value functions and latency during the inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ruizhe Chen , Wenhao Chai , Zhifei Yang , Xiaotian Zhang , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Tony Quek , Soujanya Poria , Zuozhu Liu

Preference learning has garnered extensive attention as an effective technique for aligning diffusion models with human preferences in visual generation. However, existing alignment approaches such as Diffusion-DPO suffer from two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiaomeng Yang , Mengping Yang , Junyan Wang , Zhijian Zhou , Zhiyu Tan , Hao Li

Optimizing complex and high-dimensional black-box functions is ubiquitous in science and engineering fields. Unfortunately, the online evaluation of these functions is restricted due to time and safety constraints in most cases. In offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Taeyoung Yun , Sujin Yun , Jaewoo Lee , Jinkyoo Park

Visual imitation learning is effective for robots to learn versatile tasks. However, many existing methods rely on behavior cloning with supervised historical trajectories, limiting their 3D spatial and 4D spatiotemporal awareness.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Zhenyang Liu , Yikai Wang , Kuanning Wang , Longfei Liang , Xiangyang Xue , Yanwei Fu

Single-molecule localization microscopy allows practitioners to locate and track labeled molecules in biological systems. When extracting diffusion coefficients from the resulting trajectories, it is common practice to perform a linear fit…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 Jakob Tómas Bullerjahn , Gerhard Hummer

In this paper, we tackle the challenging problem of delayed rewards in reinforcement learning (RL). While Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) has emerged as a leading Policy Gradient method, its performance can degrade under delayed rewards.…

Accurate prediction of human or vehicle trajectories with good diversity that captures their stochastic nature is an essential task for many applications. However, many trajectory prediction models produce unreasonable trajectory samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Qingze , Liu , Danrui Li , Samuel S. Sohn , Sejong Yoon , Mubbasir Kapadia , Vladimir Pavlovic

Extrapolation remains a grand challenge in deep neural networks across all application domains. We propose an operator learning method to solve time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) continuously and with extrapolation in time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Oded Ovadia , Vivek Oommen , Adar Kahana , Ahmad Peyvan , Eli Turkel , George Em Karniadakis

While imitation learning provides a simple and effective framework for policy learning, acquiring consistent actions during robot execution remains a challenging task. Existing approaches primarily focus on either modifying the action…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Xiao Liu , Fabian Weigend , Yifan Zhou , Heni Ben Amor

Policy gradient methods have shown success in learning control policies for high-dimensional dynamical systems. Their biggest downside is the amount of exploration they require before yielding high-performing policies. In a lifelong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Jorge A. Mendez , Boyu Wang , Eric Eaton

By framing reinforcement learning as a sequence modeling problem, recent work has enabled the use of generative models, such as diffusion models, for planning. While these models are effective in predicting long-horizon state trajectories…

Diffusion models have achieved state-of-the-art performance across multiple domains, with recent advancements extending their applicability to discrete data. However, aligning discrete diffusion models with task-specific preferences remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Umberto Borso , Davide Paglieri , Jude Wells , Tim Rocktäschel

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) aims to learn a reward function and a corresponding policy that best fit the demonstrated trajectories of an expert. However, current IRL works cannot learn incrementally from an ongoing trajectory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Shicheng Liu , Minghui Zhu

Offline planning often struggles with poor sampling efficiency as it tries to learn policies from scratch. Especially with diffusion models, such cold start practices mean that both training and sampling become very expensive. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Adarsh Srivastava

Despite the success achieved by the analysis of supervised learning algorithms in the framework of statistical mechanics, reinforcement learning has remained largely untouched. Here we move towards closing the gap by analyzing the dynamics…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-09-02 Riccardo Fabbricatore , Vladimir V. Palyulin

On-policy distillation offers dense, per-token supervision for training reasoning models; however, it remains unclear under which conditions this signal is beneficial and under which it is detrimental. Which teacher model should be used,…

This paper presents an adaptive combination strategy for distributed learning over diffusion networks. Since learning relies on the collaborative processing of the stochastic information at the dispersed agents, the overall performance can…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Y. Efe Erginbas , Stefan Vlaski , Ali H. Sayed

Among the reasons hindering reinforcement learning (RL) applications to real-world problems, two factors are critical: limited data and the mismatch between the testing environment (real environment in which the policy is deployed) and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Xiaoteng Ma , Zhipeng Liang , Jose Blanchet , Mingwen Liu , Li Xia , Jiheng Zhang , Qianchuan Zhao , Zhengyuan Zhou

Behavior cloning of expert demonstrations can speed up learning optimal policies in a more sample-efficient way over reinforcement learning. However, the policy cannot extrapolate well to unseen states outside of the demonstration data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Jung Yeon Park , Lawson L. S. Wong

Motion prediction is a challenging problem in autonomous driving as it demands the system to comprehend stochastic dynamics and the multi-modal nature of real-world agent interactions. Diffusion models have recently risen to prominence, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Jiahui Li , Tianle Shen , Zekai Gu , Jiawei Sun , Chengran Yuan , Yuhang Han , Shuo Sun , Marcelo H. Ang