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Recent work has shown that integrating large language models (LLMs) with theorem provers (TPs) in neuro-symbolic pipelines helps with entailment verification and proof-guided refinement of explanations for natural language inference (NLI).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Xin Quan , Marco Valentino , Louise A. Dennis , André Freitas

Pre-trained large language models (LMs) struggle to perform logical reasoning reliably despite advances in scale and compositionality. In this work, we tackle this challenge through the lens of symbolic programming. We propose DSR-LM, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Hanlin Zhang , Jiani Huang , Ziyang Li , Mayur Naik , Eric Xing

Neuro-symbolic neural networks have been extensively studied to integrate symbolic operations with neural networks, thereby improving systematic generalization. Specifically, Tensor Product Representation (TPR) framework enables neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Taewon Park , Hyun-Chul Kim , Minho Lee

Autoformalization is the task of automatically translating mathematical content written in natural language to a formal language expression. The growing language interpretation capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), including in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Lan Zhang , Xin Quan , Andre Freitas

Autoformalization, which translates natural language mathematics into machine-verifiable formal statements, is critical for using formal mathematical reasoning to solve math problems stated in natural language. While Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Guoxin Chen , Jing Wu , Xinjie Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ruihua Song , Chengxi Li , Kai Fan , Dayiheng Liu , Minpeng Liao

Auto-formalization (AF) translates natural-language reasoning problems into solver-executable programs, enabling symbolic solvers to perform sound logical deduction. In practice, however, AF pipelines are currently brittle: programs may…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Zhiyu Ni , Zheng Liang , Liangcheng Song , Chenrui Cao , Xian Zhang , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli , Pierluigi Nuzzo

Symbolic regression is a fundamental tool for discovering interpretable mathematical expressions from data, with broad applications across scientific and engineering domains. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Runxiang Wang , Boxiao Wang , Kai Li , Yifan Zhang , Jian Cheng

Automating the formalization of mathematical statements for theorem proving remains a major challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs struggle to identify and utilize the prerequisite mathematical knowledge and its corresponding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Meiru Zhang , Philipp Borchert , Milan Gritta , Gerasimos Lampouras

The convergence of deep learning and formal mathematics has spurred research in formal verification. Statement autoformalization, a crucial first step in this process, aims to translate informal descriptions into machine-verifiable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Shaoqi Wang , Lu Yu , Siwei Lou , Feng Yan , Chunjie Yang , Qing Cui , Jun Zhou

Autoformalization aims to produce formal statements that compile and faithfully preserve the intended meaning of informal mathematics. Yet standard single-output evaluation protocols collapse a many-to-many problem into a single-output…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haijian Lu , Wei Wang , Jing Liu

Efficient and accurate autoformalization methods, which leverage large-scale datasets of extensive natural language mathematical problems to construct formal language datasets, are key to advancing formal mathematical reasoning. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jiaxuan Xie , Chengwu Liu , Ye Yuan , Siqi Li , Zhiping Xiao , Ming Zhang

Complex reasoning over tabular data is crucial in real-world data analysis, yet large language models (LLMs) often underperform due to complex queries, noisy data, and limited numerical capabilities. To address these issues, we propose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Changjiang Jiang , Fengchang Yu , Haihua Chen , Wei Lu , Jin Zeng

Neural-symbolic methods have demonstrated efficiency in enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods mainly rely on syntactically mapping natural languages to complete formal languages like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yiming Wang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Pei Zhang , Baosong Yang , Rui Wang

Microstructure plays a critical role in determining the macroscopic properties of materials, with applications spanning alloy design, MEMS devices, and tissue engineering, among many others. Computational frameworks have been developed to…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Nikita Kartashov , Nikolaos N. Vlassis

Automating the translation of Operations Research (OR) problems from natural language to executable models is a critical challenge. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in linear tasks, they suffer from severe performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Zhijing Hu , Yufan Deng , Haoyang Liu , Changjun Fan

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at both informal and formal (e.g. Lean 4) mathematical reasoning but still struggle with autoformalisation, the task of transforming informal into formal mathematical statements. Autoformalisation helps…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yupei Li , Philipp Borchert , Gerasimos Lampouras

Denoising language models (DLMs) have been proposed as a powerful alternative to traditional language models (LMs) for automatic speech recognition (ASR), motivated by their ability to use bidirectional context and adapt to a specific ASR…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Dorian Koch , Albert Zeyer , Nick Rossenbach , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

We introduce DecompSR, decomposed spatial reasoning, a large benchmark dataset (over 5m datapoints) and generation framework designed to analyse compositional spatial reasoning ability. The generation of DecompSR allows users to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Lachlan McPheat , Navdeep Kaur , Robert Blackwell , Alessandra Russo , Anthony G. Cohn , Pranava Madhyastha

The screenplay serves as the foundation for television production, defining narrative structure, character development, and dialogue. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show great potential in creative writing, direct end-to-end generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Hang Lei , Shengyi Zong , Zhaoyan Li , Ziren Zhou , Hao Liu , Liang Yu

We propose SymPlex, a reinforcement learning framework for discovering analytical symbolic solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs) without access to ground-truth expressions. SymPlex formulates symbolic PDE solving as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yesom Park , Annie C. Lu , Shao-Ching Huang , Qiyang Hu , Y. Sungtaek Ju , Stanley Osher
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