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Related papers: Understanding Quantum Instruments

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Error mitigation has enabled quantum computing applications with over one hundred qubits and deep circuits. The most general error mitigation methods rely on a faithful characterization of the noise channels of the hardware. However,…

In measurement-based quantum computing an algorithm is performed by measurements on highly-entangled resource states. To date, several implementations were demonstrated, all of them assuming perfect noise-free environments. Here we consider…

Estimation of quantum states and measurements is crucial for the implementation of quantum information protocols. The standard method for each is quantum tomography. However, quantum tomography suffers from systematic errors caused by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-19 Adam C. Keith , Charles H. Baldwin , Scott Glancy , E. Knill

Mid-circuit measurements (MCMs) are crucial ingredients in the development of fault-tolerant quantum computation. While there have been rapid experimental progresses in realizing MCMs, a systematic method for characterizing noisy MCMs is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Zhihan Zhang , Senrui Chen , Yunchao Liu , Liang Jiang

In quantum information theory, the evolution of an open quantum system -- a unitary evolution followed by a measurement -- is described by a quantum channel or, more generally, a quantum instrument. In this work, we formulate spin and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-24 Clelia Altomonte , Alan J. Barr , Michał Eckstein , Paweł Horodecki , Kazuki Sakurai

The paradigm of measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) starts from a highly entangled resource state on which unitary operations are executed through adaptive measurements and corrections ensuring determinism. This is set in contrast to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-29 Thierry Nicolas Kaldenbach , Matthias Heller

While we expect quantum computers to surpass their classical counterparts in the future, current devices are prone to high error rates and techniques to minimise the impact of these errors are indispensable. There already exists a variety…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-16 Tom Weber , Matthias Riebisch , Kerstin Borras , Karl Jansen , Dirk Krücker

The commonly used circuit model of quantum computing leaves out the problems of imprecision in the initial state preparation, particle statistics (indistinguishability of particles belonging to the same quantum state), and error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Subhash Kak

Intermediate representations (IRs) play a crucial role in the software stack of a quantum computer to facilitate efficient optimizations for executing an application on hardware. One of those IRs is the Quantum Intermediate Representation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Yannick Stade , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Quantum simulators are widely seen as one of the most promising near-term applications of quantum technologies. However, it remains unclear to what extent a noisy device can output reliable results in the presence of unavoidable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-17 Pablo M. Poggi , Nathan K. Lysne , Kevin W. Kuper , Ivan H. Deutsch , Poul S. Jessen

High-fidelity mid-circuit measurements, which read out the state of specific qubits in a multiqubit processor without destroying them or disrupting their neighbors, are a critical component for useful quantum computing. They enable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-23 Daniel Hothem , Jordan Hines , Charles Baldwin , Dan Gresh , Robin Blume-Kohout , Timothy Proctor

Fault-tolerant quantum computation requires non-destructive quantum measurements with classical feed-forward. Many experimental groups are actively working towards implementing such capabilities and so they need to be accurately evaluated.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-14 Darian McLaren , Matthew A. Graydon , Joel J. Wallman

When noisy intermediate scalable quantum (NISQ) devices are applied in information processing, all of the stages through preparation, manipulation, and measurement of multipartite qubit states contain various types of noise that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-16 Hyeokjea Kwon , Joonwoo Bae

A measuring apparatus is described by quantum mechanics while it interacts with the quantum system under observation, and then it must be given a classical description so that the result of the measurement appears as objective reality.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Ori Hay , Asher Peres

Generalized quantum master equations (GQMEs) are an important tool in modeling chemical and physical processes. For a large number of problems it has been shown that exact and approximate quantum dynamics methods can be made dramatically…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 Aaron Kelly , Andrés Montoya-Castillo , Lu Wang , Thomas E. Markland

Performance of quantum process estimation is naturally limited to fundamental, random, and systematic imperfections in preparations and measurements. These imperfections may lead to considerable errors in the process reconstruction due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-16 M. Mohseni , A. T. Rezakhani , J. T. Barreiro , P. G. Kwiat , A. Aspuru-Guzik

The results of quantum process tomography on a three-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance quantum information processor are presented, and shown to be consistent with a detailed model of the system-plus-apparatus used for the experiments. The…

Measurement-based quantum computing uses measurement patterns on predefined quantum resource states to execute quantum logic. Quantum simulation offers an important use case on near-term devices. However, pattern optimization depends on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 V. W. Scarola

Ambiguity in the contact between laboratory instruments and equations of quantum mechanics is formulated in terms of responses of the instruments to commands transmitted to them by a Classical digital Process-control Computer (CPC); in this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 John M. Myers , F. Hadi Madjid

Quantum measurement is universal for quantum computation. This universality allows alternative schemes to the traditional three-step organisation of quantum computation: initial state preparation, unitary transformation, measurement. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Simon Perdrix , Philippe Jorrand