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It is well understood that a two-dimensional grid of locally-interacting qubits is a promising platform for achieving fault tolerant quantum computing. However in the near-future, it may prove less challenging to develop lower dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Adam Siegel , Armands Strikis , Michael Fogarty

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) holds promise for combinatorial optimization but is constrained by limited qubits. While divide-and-conquer frameworks like QAOA$^{2}$ address scalability by partitioning graphs into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Zubin Zheng , Jiahao Wu , Shengcai Liu

Quantum circuits implementing fault-tolerant quantum error correction (QEC) for the three qubit bit-flip code and five-qubit code are studied. To describe the effect of noise, we apply a model based on a generalized effective Hamiltonian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Y. C. Cheng , R. J. Silbey

We present an interactive framework that, given a membership test for a graph class $\mathcal{G}$ and a number $k$, finds and tests unavoidable sets for the class of graphs in $\mathcal{G}$ of path-width at most $k$. We put special emphasis…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-19 Oliver Bachtler , Irene Heinrich

Color codes are a leading class of topological quantum error-correcting codes with modest error thresholds and structural compatibility with two-dimensional architectures, which make them well-suited for fault-tolerant quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Nitish Kumar Chandra , David Tipper , Reza Nejabati , Eneet Kaur , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan

Quantum computing offers unparalleled computational capabilities but faces significant challenges, including limited qubit counts, diverse hardware topologies, and dynamic noise and error rates, which hinder scalability and reliability.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-15 Zefan Du , Pedro Chumpitaz Flores , Wenqi Wei , Juntao Chen , Kaixun Hua , Ying Mao

We study quantum advantage in one-step rendezvous games on simple graphs analytically, numerically, and using noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors. Our protocols realise the recently discovered [arXiv:2207.14404] optimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-15 J. Tucker , P. Strange , P. Mironowicz , J. Quintanilla

The quest for effective quantum feature maps for data encoding presents significant challenges, particularly due to the flat training landscapes and lengthy training processes associated with parameterised quantum circuits. To address these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Yaswitha Gujju , Romain Harang , Chao Li , Tetsuo Shibuya , Qibin Zhao

In comparison to qubit-based protocols, qudit-based quantum key distribution (QKD) ones gen- erally allow two cooperative parties to share unconditionally secure keys under a higher channel noise. However, it is very hard to prepare and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-09 Shuang Wang , Zhen-Qiang Yin , H. F. Chau , Wei Chen , Chao Wang , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

As quantum computing matures and moves toward broader accessibility through cloud-based platforms, ensuring the authenticity and integrity of quantum computations becomes an urgent concern. In this work, we propose a strategy to leverage…

An algorithm for the generation of shuttling sequences is necessary for the operation of a linear segmented ion-trap quantum computer. The present work provides an implementation of an algorithm that produces sequences proved to be optimal…

Gate model quantum computers with too many qubits to be simulated by available classical computers are about to arrive. We present a strategy for programming these devices without error correction or compilation. This means that the number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-21 E. Farhi , J. Goldstone , S. Gutmann , H. Neven

Quantum-mechanical phenomena are playing an increasing role in information processing, as transistor sizes approach the nanometer level, and quantum circuits and data encoding methods appear in the securest forms of communication.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 George F. Viamontes , Igor L. Markov , John P. Hayes

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) is widely regarded as a promising approach to overcome quantum hardware limitations. A major challenge in DQC lies in reducing the communication cost introduced by remote CNOT gates, which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Hui Zhong , Jiachen Shen , Lei Fan , Xinyue Zhang , Hao Wang , Miao Pan , Zhu Han

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is essential for extracting reliable results from near-term quantum devices, yet practical deployments must balance mitigation strength against runtime overhead under time-varying noise. We introduce…

We propose an approach for learning probability distributions as differentiable quantum circuits (DQC) that enable efficient quantum generative modelling (QGM) and synthetic data generation. Contrary to existing QGM approaches, we perform…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-15 Oleksandr Kyriienko , Annie E. Paine , Vincent E. Elfving

One of the main challenges in building a quantum processor is to characterize the environmental noise. Noise characterization can be achieved by exploiting different techniques, such as randomization where several sequences of random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Elena Ferraro , Marco De Michielis

We develop a hardware-efficient ansatz for variational optimization, derived from existing ansatze in the literature, that parametrizes subsets of all interactions in the Cost Hamiltonian in each layer. We treat gate orderings as a…

Quantum graph state is a special class of nonlocal state among multiple quantum particles, underpinning several nonclassical and promising applications such as quantum computing and quantum secret sharing. Recently, establishing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-14 Tingxiang Ji , Jianqing Liu , Zheshen Zhang

The impressive pace of advance of quantum technology calls for robust and scalable techniques for the characterization and validation of quantum hardware. Quantum process tomography, the reconstruction of an unknown quantum channel from…