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Bell inequalities follow from a set of seemingly natural assumptions about how to provide a causal model of a Bell experiment. In the face of their violation, two types of causal models that modify some of these assumptions have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 Patrick J. Daley , Kevin J. Resch , Robert W. Spekkens

The boundary between classical and quantum correlations is well characterised by linear constraints called Bell inequalities. It is much harder to characterise the boundary of the quantum set itself in the space of no-signaling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-25 Yi-Zheng Zhen , Koon Tong Goh , Yu-Lin Zheng , Wen-Fei Cao , Xingyao Wu , Kai Chen , Valerio Scarani

Bell inequalities characterize the boundary of the local-realist correlation polytope -- the set of joint probability distributions achievable by classical hidden-variable models. Quantum mechanics exceeds this boundary through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 Nick Polson , Vadim Sokolov , Daniel Zantedeschi

A violation of Bell-CHSH inequalities does not justify speculations about quantum non-locality, conspiracy and retro-causation. Such speculations are rooted in a belief that setting dependence of hidden variables in a probabilistic model,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-06 Marian Kupczynski

We explore the relationship between Kochen-Specker quantum contextuality and Bell-nonclassicality for ensembles of two-qubit pure states. We present a comparative analysis showing that the violation of a noncontextuality inequality on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-26 Giovanni Scala , Antonio Mandarino

In [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 250401 (2015)] the sharing of non-locality by multiple observers was demonstrated through the quantum violation of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Halt inequality. In this paper we provide a scheme for sharing of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-29 Asmita Kumari , A. K. Pan

Bell inequalities are mathematical constructs that demarcate the boundary between quantum and classical physics. A new class of multiplicative Bell inequalities originating from a volume maximization game (based on products of correlators…

We introduce a preparation-dual notion of contextuality, formulated as an obstruction to stochastic extension. In parallel with the sheaf-theoretic formulation of measurement contextuality, preparation contextuality arises when locally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Tom Williams , Mina Doosti , Farid Shahandeh

Quantum nonlocality is a counterintuitive phenomenon that lies beyond the purview of causal influences. Recently, Bell inequalities have been generalized to the case of quantum inputs, leading to a powerful family of semi-quantum Bell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-12 Charles Ci Wen Lim

In this work, we study a particular class of Bell inequalities involving only direct equality-comparisons of outcomes. This arises naturally when outcomes are difficult to characterize. For instance, if measurements yield smells, it may be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Ricardo Faleiro , Flavien Hirsch , Emmanuel Zambrini Cruzeiro , Nicolas Gisin

This is a review devoted to the complementarity-contextuality interplay with connection to the Bell inequalities. Starting discussion with complementarity, we point out to contextuality as its seed. {\it Bohr-contextuality} is dependence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Andrei Khrennikov

Quantum nonlocality, pioneered in Bell's seminal work and subsequently verified through a series of experiments, has drawn substantial attention due to its practical applications in various protocols. Evaluating and comparing the extent of…

Here we present a Multiple Observer Probability Analysis (MOPA) for the purpose of clarifying topics in experimental Bell scenarios. Because Bell scenarios are interested in quantum effects between nonlocal measurement devices, we assign an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-20 Kevin Vanslette

Compiling Bell games under cryptographic assumptions replaces the need for physical separation, allowing nonlocality to be probed with a single untrusted device. While Kalai et al. (STOC'23) showed that this compilation preserves quantum…

Bell-type criteria of contextuality/nonlocality can be derived without any falsifiable assumptions, such as context-independent mapping (or local causality), free choice, or no-fine-tuning. This is achieved by deriving Bell-type criteria…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-23 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov

A communication game consists of distributed parties attempting to jointly complete a task with restricted communication. Such games are useful tools for studying limitations of physical theories. A theory exhibits preparation contextuality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-06 Alley Hameedi , Armin Tavakoli , Breno Marques , Mohamed Bourennane

We introduce a battery-explicit thermodynamic witness of post-quantum Bell correlations. In each round, a single supplied excitation is routed into an explicit two-level battery if and only if a Bell-game condition is satisfied. The routing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Piotr Ćwikliński

Most off-policy evaluation methods for contextual bandits have focused on the expected outcome of a policy, which is estimated via methods that at best provide only asymptotic guarantees. However, in many applications, the expectation may…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-27 Muhammad Faaiz Taufiq , Jean-Francois Ton , Rob Cornish , Yee Whye Teh , Arnaud Doucet

A Bell inequality is a constraint on a set of correlations whose violation can be used to certify non-locality. They are instrumental for device-independent tasks such as key distribution or randomness expansion. In this work we consider…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-21 Thomas Cope , Roger Colbeck

Nonlocality, evidenced by the violation of Bell inequalities, not only signifies entanglement but also highlights measurement incompatibility in quantum systems. Utilizing the generalized Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) Bell inequality,…