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Despite a decade's worth of gravitational wave observation, the origin of the binary black hole (BBH) mergers detected by the LIGO-VIRGO-Kagra (LVK) collaboration remains an open question. Towards assessing the feasibility and prevalence of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-28 Yubo Su

The observed binary black hole (BBH) mergers indicate a large Galactic progenitor population continuously evolving from large orbital separations and low gravitational wave (GW) frequencies to the final merger phase. We investigate the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-04-19 Xiao Fang , Todd A. Thompson , Christopher M. Hirata

Recently discovered bursts of gravitational waves provide a good opportunity to verify the current view on the evolution of close binary stars. Modern population synthesis computer programs help to study this evolution from two main…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-11-07 A. I. Bogomazov , V. M. Lipunov , A. V. Tutukov , A. M. Cherepashchuk

The population of binary black hole mergers identified through gravitational waves has uncovered unexpected features in the intrinsic properties of black holes in the universe. One particularly surprising and exciting result is the possible…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-22 Michael Zevin , Daniel E. Holz

GW231123, the most massive binary black hole (BBH) merger detected by LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA, highlights the need to understand the origins of massive, high-spin stellar black holes (BHs). Dense star clusters provide natural environments for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-12 Fulya Kıroğlu , Kyle Kremer , Frederic A. Rasio

Theoretical modeling of massive stars predicts a gap in the black hole (BH) mass function above $\sim 40-50\,M_{\odot}$ for BHs formed through single star evolution, arising from (pulsational) pair-instability supernovae. However, in dense…

Gravitational-wave measurements of the binary black hole population provide insights into the evolution of merging binaries. We explore potential correlation between mass and mass ratio with phenomenological population models where the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-17 Storm Colloms , Zoheyr Doctor , Christopher P L Berry

Over the course of the third observing run of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration, several gravitational-wave (GW) neutron star--black hole (NSBH) candidates have been announced. By assuming these candidates are real signals and of astrophysical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-07 Jin-Ping Zhu , Shichao Wu , Ying Qin , Bing Zhang , He Gao , Zhoujian Cao

The discovery of the gravitational-wave source GW150914 with the Advanced LIGO detectors provides the first observational evidence for the existence of binary black-hole systems that inspiral and merge within the age of the Universe. Such…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-02-17 The LIGO Scientific Collaboration , the Virgo Collaboration

The continued operation of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo gravitational-wave detectors is enabling the first detailed measurements of the mass, spin, and redshift distributions of the merging binary black hole population. Our present…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-24 Thomas A. Callister , Will M. Farr

The Pair Instability (PI) boundary is crucial for understanding heavy merging Black Holes (BHs) and the second mass gap's role in galactic chemical evolution. So far, no works have critically and systematically examined how rotation and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-25 Ethan R. J. Winch , Gautham N. Sabhahit , Jorick S. Vink , Erin R. Higgins

Black hole (BH) triples represent one of the astrophysical pathways for BH mergers in the Universe detectable by LIGO and VIRGO. We study the formation of BH triples via binary-binary encounters in dense clusters, showing that one-third of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-21 Manuel Arca-Sedda , Gongjie Li , Bence Kocsis

As the number of observed merging binary black holes (BHs) grows, accurate models are required to disentangle multiple formation channels. In models with isolated binaries, important uncertainties remain regarding the stability of mass…

Studying the formation and evolution of black hole binaries (BHBs) is essential for the interpretation of current and forthcoming gravitational wave (GW) detections. We investigate the statistics of BHBs that form from isolated binaries, by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-04-12 Mario Spera , Michela Mapelli , Nicola Giacobbo , Alessandro Alberto Trani , Alessandro Bressan , Guglielmo Costa

The stability criteria of rapid mass transfer and common-envelope evolution are fundamental in binary star evolution. They determine the mass, mass ratio, and orbital distribution of many important systems, such as X-ray binaries, type Ia…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-27 Hongwei Ge , Zhanwen Han

Black holes (BHs) with masses between $\sim 3-5M_{\odot}$, produced by a binary neutron star (BNS) merger, can further pair up with a neutron star or BH and merge again within a Hubble time. However, the astrophysical environments in which…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-11 Parthapratim Mahapatra , Debatri Chattopadhyay , Anuradha Gupta , Fabio Antonini , Marc Favata , B. S. Sathyaprakash , K. G. Arun

The LIGO-Virgo-Kagra collaboration (LVC) discovered recently GW190521, a gravitational wave (GW) source associated with the merger between two black holes (BHs) with mass $66$ M$_\odot$ and $>85$ M$_\odot$. GW190521 represents the first BH…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-10-27 Manuel Arca Sedda , Francesco Paolo Rizzuto , Thorsten Naab , Jeremiah Ostriker , Mirek Giersz , Rainer Spurzem

Mass transfer in binary systems is the key process in the formation of various classes of objects, including merging binary black holes (BBHs) and neutron stars. Orbital evolution during mass transfer depends on how much mass is accreted…

We study the evolution of the binary black hole (BBH) mass distribution across cosmic time. The second gravitational-wave transient catalog (GWTC-2) from LIGO/Virgo contains BBH events out to redshifts $z \sim 1$, with component masses in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-12 Maya Fishbach , Zoheyr Doctor , Thomas Callister , Bruce Edelman , Jiani Ye , Reed Essick , Will M. Farr , Ben Farr , Daniel E. Holz

Gravitational-wave observations are playing an instrumental role in understanding the population of binary compact objects in the Universe. These observations have begun to hint at the mass distribution of binary black holes (BBHs), with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-19 Upasana Das , Suvodip Mukherjee