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Speculative decoding accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by using a small draft model to generate candidate tokens for a larger target model to verify. The efficacy of this technique hinges on the trade-off between the time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiebin Zhang , Zhenghan Yu , Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Eugene J. Yu , Zheng Li , Yifan Song , Dawei Zhu , Xingxing Zhang , Furu Wei , Sujian Li

There emerges a promising trend of using large language models (LLMs) to generate code-like plans for complex inference tasks such as visual reasoning. This paradigm, known as LLM-based planning, provides flexibility in problem solving and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Pengbo Hu , Ji Qi , Xingyu Li , Hong Li , Xinqi Wang , Bing Quan , Ruiyu Wang , Yi Zhou

Pruning is an effective method for compressing Large Language Models, but finding an optimal, non-uniform layer-wise sparsity allocation remains a key challenge. While heuristic methods are fast but yield suboptimal performance, more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xin Yuan , Siqi Li , Jiateng Wei , Chengrui Zhu , Yanming Wu , Qingpeng Li , Jiajun Lv , Xiaoke Lan , Jun Chen , Yong Liu

Experience-driven self-evolving agents aim to overcome the static nature of large language models by distilling reusable experience from past interactions, thus enabling adaptation to novel tasks at deployment time. This process places…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhiyuan Fan , Wenwei Jin , Feng Zhang , Bin Li , Yihong Dong , Yao Hu , Jiawei Li

Traditional self-adaptive systems automatically reconfigure existing components in response to changing requirements, but provide limited support for the generation of novel functionalities. The software generation capabilities of large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Md Asif Iqbal Fahim , Oluwadamilola Adebayo , Alessio Ferrari

The code written by developers usually suffers from efficiency problems and contain various performance bugs. These inefficiencies necessitate the research of automated refactoring methods for code optimization. Early research in code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Shuzheng Gao , Cuiyun Gao , Wenchao Gu , Michael Lyu

The efficiency of large language models (LLMs) is fundamentally limited by their sequential, token-by-token generation process. We argue that overcoming this bottleneck requires a new design axis for LLM scaling: increasing the semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Chenze Shao , Darren Li , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) deliver impressive results but face challenges from increasing model sizes and computational costs. Structured pruning reduces model size and speeds up inference but often causes uneven degradation across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Hexuan Deng , Wenxiang Jiao , Xuebo Liu , Jing Li , Min Zhang , Zhaopeng Tu

Molecular discovery, when formulated as an optimization problem, presents significant computational challenges because optimization objectives can be non-differentiable. Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), often used to optimize black-box…

Pre-experiment stratification, or blocking, is a well-established technique for designing more efficient experiments and increasing the precision of the experimental estimates. However, when researchers have access to many covariates at the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-10-01 George Gui , Seungwoo Kim

The rapid evolution of scientific fields introduces challenges in organizing and retrieving scientific literature. While expert-curated taxonomies have traditionally addressed this need, the process is time-consuming and expensive.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Priyanka Kargupta , Nan Zhang , Yunyi Zhang , Rui Zhang , Prasenjit Mitra , Jiawei Han

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted due to their remarkable performance across various applications, driving the accelerated development of a large number of diverse models. However, these individual LLMs show limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Kaushal Kumar Maurya , KV Aditya Srivatsa , Ekaterina Kochmar

Large language model (LLM) decoding involves generating a sequence of tokens based on a given context, where each token is predicted one at a time using the model's learned probabilities. The typical autoregressive decoding method requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Xukun Liu , Bowen Lei , Ruqi Zhang , Dongkuan Xu

Despite significant advances in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) driven by reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), this paradigm is fundamentally limited in specialized or novel domains where such supervision is prohibitively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Sikai Bai , Haoxi Li , Jie Zhang , Yongjiang Liu , Song Guo

Model collaboration -- systems where multiple language models (LMs) collaborate -- combines the strengths of diverse models with cost in loading multiple LMs. We improve efficiency while preserving the strengths of collaboration by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Shangbin Feng , Kishan Panaganti , Yulia Tsvetkov , Wenhao Yu

Table Question Answering (TQA) aims to answer natural language questions over structured tables. Large Language Models (LLMs) enable promising solutions to this problem, with operator-centric solutions that generate table manipulation…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Fengyu Li , Junhao Zhu , Kaishi Song , Lu Chen , Zhongming Yao , Tianyi Li , Christian S. Jensen

Evolutionary algorithms are popular heuristics for solving various combinatorial problems as they are easy to apply and often produce good results. Island models parallelize evolution by using different populations, called islands, which…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Jörg Lässig , Dirk Sudholt

While large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adapted for recommendation systems via supervised fine-tuning (SFT), this approach amplifies popularity bias due to its likelihood maximization objective, compromising recommendation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Chongming Gao , Mengyao Gao , Chenxiao Fan , Shuai Yuan , Wentao Shi , Xiangnan He

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities but are susceptible to adversarial prompts that exploit vulnerabilities to produce unsafe or biased outputs. Existing red-teaming methods often face scalability challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Quy-Anh Dang , Chris Ngo , Truong-Son Hy

AlphaEvolve (Novikov et al., 2025) is a generic evolutionary coding agent that combines the generative capabilities of LLMs with automated evaluation in an iterative evolutionary framework that proposes, tests, and refines algorithmic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Bogdan Georgiev , Javier Gómez-Serrano , Terence Tao , Adam Zsolt Wagner