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Large language models (LLMs) excel at diverse tasks, but their deployment on resource-constrained devices remains challenging. Existing methods like quantization, pruning, and distillation can reduce memory footprint but often demand…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Siddharth Tandon

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant advances in reasoning tasks. A key approach is tree-based search with verifiers, which expand candidate reasoning paths and use reward models to guide pruning and selection. Although…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yingqian Cui , Zhenwei Dai , Pengfei He , Bing He , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Jingying Zeng , Suhang Wang , Yue Xing , Jiliang Tang , Benoit Dumoulin

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their ability to perform complex reasoning tasks, transitioning from fast and intuitive thinking (System 1) to slow and deep reasoning (System 2). While System…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Rui Wang , Hongru Wang , Boyang Xue , Jianhui Pang , Shudong Liu , Yi Chen , Jiahao Qiu , Derek Fai Wong , Heng Ji , Kam-Fai Wong

Pruning has recently been widely adopted to reduce the parameter scale and improve the inference efficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs). Mainstream pruning techniques often rely on uniform layerwise pruning strategies, which can lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yuli Chen , Bo Cheng , Jiale Han , Yingying Zhang , Yingting Li , Shuhao Zhang

Pre-training and then fine-tuning large language models is commonly used to achieve state-of-the-art performance in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, most pre-trained models suffer from low inference speed. Deploying such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Xuanli He , Iman Keivanloo , Yi Xu , Xiang He , Belinda Zeng , Santosh Rajagopalan , Trishul Chilimbi

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with computational efficiency and error propagation in multi-step reasoning tasks. While recent advancements on prompting and post-training have enabled LLMs to perform step-wise reasoning, they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yuan Sui , Yufei He , Tri Cao , Simeng Han , Yulin Chen , Bryan Hooi

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in recommender systems for predicting Click-Through Rates (CTR) necessitates a delicate balance between computational efficiency and predictive accuracy. This paper presents an optimization…

Large language models have achieved remarkable capabilities, but their practical deployment is hindered by significant computational costs. While adaptive computation methods like early-exiting promise to reduce these costs, they introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Sangmin Bae

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional reasoning abilities, enabling strong generalization across diverse tasks such as commonsense reasoning and instruction following. However, as LLMs scale, inference costs become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Rhea Sanjay Sukthanker , Benedikt Staffler , Frank Hutter , Aaron Klein

The remarkable capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) are overshadowed by their immense computational cost. While recent work has shown that many LLM layers can be reordered or even removed with minimal impact on accuracy, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ramón Calvo González , Daniele Paliotta , Matteo Pagliardini , Martin Jaggi , François Fleuret

Sentence embeddings produced by Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) have received wide attention from the NLP community due to their superior performance when representing texts in numerous downstream applications. However, the high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Gaifan Zhang , Yi Zhou , Danushka Bollegala

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized many areas of artificial intelligence (AI), but their substantial resource requirements limit their deployment on mobile and edge devices. This survey paper provides a comprehensive overview…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sanjay Surendranath Girija , Shashank Kapoor , Lakshit Arora , Dipen Pradhan , Aman Raj , Ankit Shetgaonkar

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Dynamic early exiting has been proven to improve the inference speed of the pre-trained language model like BERT. However, all samples must go through all consecutive layers before early exiting and more complex samples usually go through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Boren Hu , Yun Zhu , Jiacheng Li , Siliang Tang

Recently, dynamic computation methods have shown notable acceleration for Large Language Models (LLMs) by skipping several layers of computations through elaborate heuristics or additional predictors. However, in the decoding process of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Yijin Liu , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted due to their remarkable performance across various applications, driving the accelerated development of a large number of diverse models. However, these individual LLMs show limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Kaushal Kumar Maurya , KV Aditya Srivatsa , Ekaterina Kochmar

This paper presents a detailed system description of our entry for the WASSA 2024 Task 2, focused on cross-lingual emotion detection. We utilized a combination of large language models (LLMs) and their ensembles to effectively understand…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ram Mohan Rao Kadiyala

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of AI, demonstrating unprecedented capacity across various tasks. However, the inference process for LLMs comes with significant computational costs. In this paper, we propose an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Zangwei Zheng , Xiaozhe Ren , Fuzhao Xue , Yang Luo , Xin Jiang , Yang You

We propose a new architectural change, and post-training pipeline, for making LLMs more verbose reasoners by teaching a model to truncate forward passes early. We augment an existing transformer architecture with an early-exit mechanism at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Elizabeth Pavlova , Mariia Koroliuk , Karthik Viswanathan , Cameron Tice , Edward James Young , Puria Radmard

We present a novel inference scheme, self-speculative decoding, for accelerating Large Language Models (LLMs) without the need for an auxiliary model. This approach is characterized by a two-stage process: drafting and verification. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jun Zhang , Jue Wang , Huan Li , Lidan Shou , Ke Chen , Gang Chen , Sharad Mehrotra