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Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong potential for automated code generation, yet their ability to iteratively refine solutions using execution feedback remains underexplored. Competitive programming offers an ideal testbed for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Anika Tabassum , Md Sifat Hossain , Md. Fahim Arefin , Tariqul Islam , Tarannum Shaila Zaman

Enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to reliably invoke external tools remains a critical bottleneck for autonomous agents. Existing approaches suffer from three fundamental challenges: expensive human annotation for high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yuwen Li , Wei Zhang , Zelong Huang , Mason Yang , Jiajun Wu , Shawn Guo , Huahao Hu , Lingyi Sun , Jian Yang , Mingjie Tang , Byran Dai

Feedback is crucial for every design process, such as user interface (UI) design, and automating design critiques can significantly improve the efficiency of the design workflow. Although existing multimodal large language models (LLMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Peitong Duan , Chin-Yi Cheng , Bjoern Hartmann , Yang Li

Access to high-quality education at scale is limited by the difficulty of providing student feedback on open-ended assignments in structured domains like computer programming, graphics, and short response questions. This problem has proven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Ali Malik , Mike Wu , Vrinda Vasavada , Jinpeng Song , Madison Coots , John Mitchell , Noah Goodman , Chris Piech

Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate substantively relevant content but fail to adhere to formal constraints, leading to outputs that are conceptually correct but procedurally flawed. Traditional prompt refinement approaches focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Alberto Purpura , Li Wang , Sahil Badyal , Eugenio Beaufrand , Adam Faulkner

Feedback on user interface (UI) mockups is crucial in design. However, human feedback is not always readily available. We explore the potential of using large language models for automatic feedback. Specifically, we focus on applying GPT-4…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Peitong Duan , Jeremy Warner , Yang Li , Bjoern Hartmann

Despite growing interest in using large language models (LLMs) to automate annotation, their effectiveness in complex, nuanced, and multi-dimensional labelling tasks remains relatively underexplored. This study focuses on annotation for the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Leila Tavakoli , Hamed Zamani

Recent AI-assistant agents, such as ChatGPT, predominantly rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) with human annotations and reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) to align the output of large language models (LLMs) with human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zhiqing Sun , Yikang Shen , Qinhong Zhou , Hongxin Zhang , Zhenfang Chen , David Cox , Yiming Yang , Chuang Gan

Autonomous driving has advanced significantly due to sensors, machine learning, and artificial intelligence improvements. However, prevailing methods struggle with intricate scenarios and causal relationships, hindering adaptability and…

Agents are predominantly evaluated and optimized via task success metrics, which are coarse, rely on manual design from experts, and fail to reward intermediate emergent behaviors. We propose **AutoLibra**, a framework for agent evaluation,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Hao Zhu , Phil Cuvin , Xinkai Yu , Charlotte Ka Yee Yan , Jason Zhang , Diyi Yang

Reliable automatic evaluation of dialogue systems under an interactive environment has long been overdue. An ideal environment for evaluating dialog systems, also known as the Turing test, needs to involve human interaction, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Haoming Jiang , Bo Dai , Mengjiao Yang , Tuo Zhao , Wei Wei

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform best with well-crafted prompts, yet prompt engineering remains manual, inconsistent, and inaccessible to non-experts. We introduce Promptomatix, an automatic prompt optimization framework that transforms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Rithesh Murthy , Ming Zhu , Liangwei Yang , Jielin Qiu , Juntao Tan , Shelby Heinecke , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Huan Wang

Personalized Large Language Models (PLLMs) aim to align model outputs with individual user preferences, a crucial capability for user-centric applications. However, the prevalent approach of fine-tuning a separate module for each user faces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Xiaopeng Li , Yuanjin Zheng , Wanyu Wang , wenlin zhang , Pengyue Jia , Yiqi Wang , Maolin Wang , Xuetao Wei , Xiangyu Zhao

Language model heavily depends on high-quality data for optimal performance. Existing approaches rely on manually designed heuristics, the perplexity of existing models, training classifiers, or careful prompt engineering, which require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Honglin Guo , Kai Lv , Qipeng Guo , Tianyi Liang , Zhiheng Xi , Demin Song , Qiuyinzhe Zhang , Yu Sun , Kai Chen , Xipeng Qiu , Tao Gui

Human evaluation is increasingly critical for assessing large language models, capturing linguistic nuances, and reflecting user preferences more accurately than traditional automated metrics. However, the resource-intensive nature of this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Meriem Boubdir , Edward Kim , Beyza Ermis , Marzieh Fadaee , Sara Hooker

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human intentions and values is crucial yet challenging. Current methods primarily rely on human preferences, which are costly and insufficient in capturing nuanced feedback expressed in natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Chi Hu , Yimin Hu , Hang Cao , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Code review (CR) is a crucial practice for ensuring software quality. Various automated review comment generation techniques have been proposed to streamline the labor-intensive process. However, existing approaches heavily rely on a single…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Shuochuan Li , Dong Wang , Patanamon Thongtanunam , Zan Wang , Jiuqiao Yu , Junjie Chen

In recent research advancements within the community, large language models (LLMs) have sparked great interest in creating autonomous agents. However, current prompt-based agents often heavily rely on large-scale LLMs. Meanwhile, although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Xueyang Feng , Bo Lan , Quanyu Dai , Lei Wang , Jiakai Tang , Xu Chen , Zhenhua Dong , Ji-Rong Wen

The evolving pedagogy paradigms are leading toward educational transformations. One fundamental aspect of effective learning is relevant, immediate, and constructive feedback to students. Providing constructive feedback to large cohorts in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Javed Ali Khan , Muhammad Yaqoob , Mamoona Tasadduq , Hafsa Shareef Dar , Aitezaz Ahsan

The increasing use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in qualitative research raises important questions about analytic practice and interpretive authority. This study examines how researchers interact with an Inductive Thematic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Matthew Nyaaba , Min SungEun , Mary Abiswin Apam , Kwame Owoahene Acheampong , Emmanuel Dwamena , Xiaoming Zhai