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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across various tasks but remain vulnerable to meticulously crafted jailbreak attacks. In this paper, we identify a critical safety gap: while LLMs are adept at detecting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Peng Ding , Jun Kuang , Zongyu Wang , Xuezhi Cao , Xunliang Cai , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang

As large language models (LLMs) become more capable and widely used, ensuring the safety of their outputs is increasingly critical. Existing guardrail models, though useful in static evaluation settings, face two major limitations in…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated immense utility across various industries. However, as LLMs advance, the risk of harmful outputs increases due to incorrect or malicious instruction prompts. While current methods effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Xinyi Zeng , Yuying Shang , Jiawei Chen , Jingyuan Zhang , Yu Tian

The adoption of Generative AI (GenAI) in applications inevitably comes with the expansion of the attack surface, combining new security threats along with the traditional ones. Consequently, numerous research and industrial initiatives aim…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Itay Hazan , Idan Habler , Ron Bitton , Itsik Mantin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly integrated into computer-use agents, which can autonomously operate tools on a user's computer to accomplish complex tasks. However, due to the inherently unstable and unpredictable nature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Haitao Hu , Peng Chen , Yanpeng Zhao , Yuqi Chen

Gradient-based adversarial attacks subtly manipulate inputs of Machine Learning (ML) models to induce incorrect predictions. This paper investigates whether careful architectural choices alone can yield an inherently robust Deep Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Mohamed elShehaby , Ashraf Matrawy

Optical photons are used as signal in a wide variety of particle detectors. Modern neutrino experiments employ hundreds to tens of thousands of photon detectors to observe signal from millions to billions of scintillation photons produced…

As large language models (LLMs) become integral to various applications, ensuring both their safety and utility is paramount. Jailbreak attacks, which manipulate LLMs into generating harmful content, pose significant challenges to this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Yiting Dong , Xiang He , Yi Zeng

We propose a lightweight explainable guardrail (LEG) method to detect unsafe prompts. LEG uses a multi-task learning architecture to jointly learn a prompt classifier and an explanation classifier, where the latter labels prompt words that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Md Asiful Islam , Mihai Surdeanu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are susceptible to adversarial attacks such as jailbreaking, which can elicit harmful or unsafe behaviors. This vulnerability is exacerbated in multilingual settings, where multilingual safety-aligned data is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yahan Yang , Soham Dan , Shuo Li , Dan Roth , Insup Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly susceptible to jailbreak attacks, which are adversarial prompts that bypass alignment constraints and induce unauthorized or harmful behaviors. These vulnerabilities undermine the safety,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Javad Forough , Mohammad Maheri , Hamed Haddadi

With the increasing integration of smart meters in electrical grids worldwide, detecting energy theft has become a critical and ongoing challenge. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based models have demonstrated strong performance in identifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Caylum Collier , Krishnendu Guha

Deploying large language models (LLMs) in real-world applications requires robust safety guard models to detect and block harmful user prompts. While large safety guard models achieve strong performance, their computational cost is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Seanie Lee , Dong Bok Lee , Dominik Wagner , Minki Kang , Haebin Seong , Tobias Bocklet , Juho Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Insider threats are a growing organizational problem due to the complexity of identifying their technical and behavioral elements. A large research body is dedicated to the study of insider threats from technological, psychological, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Haywood Gelman , John D. Hastings , David Kenley

The robustness of LLMs to jailbreak attacks, where users design prompts to circumvent safety measures and misuse model capabilities, has been studied primarily for LLMs acting as simple chatbots. Meanwhile, LLM agents -- which use external…

SIEM systems serve as a critical hub, employing rule-based logic to detect and respond to threats. Redundant or overlapping rules in SIEM systems lead to excessive false alerts, degrading analyst performance due to alert fatigue, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Akansha Shukla , Parth Atulbhai Gandhi , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

Credible safety plans for advanced AI development require methods to verify agent behavior and detect potential control deficiencies early. A fundamental aspect is ensuring agents adhere to safety-critical principles, especially when these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Ram Potham

The systems and software powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multi-Modal LLMs (MLLMs) have played a critical role in numerous scenarios. However, current LLM systems are vulnerable to prompt-based attacks, with jailbreaking attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Xiaoyu Zhang , Cen Zhang , Tianlin Li , Yihao Huang , Xiaojun Jia , Ming Hu , Jie Zhang , Yang Liu , Shiqing Ma , Chao Shen

When building Large Language Models (LLMs), it is paramount to bear safety in mind and protect them with guardrails. Indeed, LLMs should never generate content promoting or normalizing harmful, illegal, or unethical behavior that may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Simone Tedeschi , Felix Friedrich , Patrick Schramowski , Kristian Kersting , Roberto Navigli , Huu Nguyen , Bo Li

Current LLM safety defenses fail under decomposition attacks, where a malicious goal is decomposed into benign subtasks that circumvent refusals. The challenge lies in the existing shallow safety alignment techniques: they only detect harm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Chen Yueh-Han , Nitish Joshi , Yulin Chen , Maksym Andriushchenko , Rico Angell , He He