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Ethical AI spans a gamut of considerations. Among these, the most popular ones, fairness and interpretability, have remained largely distinct in technical pursuits. We discuss and elucidate the differences between fairness and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Deepak P , Sanil V , Joemon M. Jose

The rapid integration of conversational AI systems into educational settings has intensified ethical concerns about academic integrity, fairness, and students' cognitive development. Institutional responses have largely centered on AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Eduardo Davalos , Yike Zhang

An increasing number of decisions regarding the daily lives of human beings are being controlled by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in spheres ranging from healthcare, transportation, and education to college admissions,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Dana Pessach , Erez Shmueli

Today, with the growing obsession with applying Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Machine Learning (ML), to software across various contexts, much of the focus has been on the effectiveness of AI models, often measured through…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Thanh Nguyen , Chaima Boufaied , Ronnie de Souza Santos

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems exert a growing influence on society, real-life incidents begin to underline the importance of AI Ethics. Though calls for more ethical AI systems have been voiced by scholars and the general public…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Ville Vakkuri , Kai-Kristian Kemell

With the powerful performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) also comes prevalent ethical issues. Though governments and corporations have curated multiple AI ethics guidelines to curb unethical behavior of AI, the effect has been limited,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Mengyi Wei , Zhixuan Zhou

The emergence and growth of research on issues of ethics in AI, and in particular algorithmic fairness, has roots in an essential observation that structural inequalities in society are reflected in the data used to train predictive models…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Caitlin Kuhlman , Latifa Jackson , Rumi Chunara

The range of application of artificial intelligence (AI) is vast, as is the potential for harm. Growing awareness of potential risks from AI systems has spurred action to address those risks, while eroding confidence in AI systems and the…

Validity, reliability, and fairness are core ethical principles embedded in classical argument-based assessment validation theory. These principles are also central to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (2014) which…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jill Burstein , Geoffrey T. LaFlair

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed various sectors and institutions, including education and healthcare. Although AI offers immense potential for innovation and problem solving, its integration also raises significant ethical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-05 William Franz Lamberti

The rapid emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and related technologies has the potential to dramatically influence higher education, raising questions about the roles of institutions, educators, and students in a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Noah D. Finkelstein

Existing AI disclosure mandates in scholarship require that AI assistance be reported but leave transparency philosophically unspecified: they fix the duty without explaining what the duty serves. We argue that ethical inquiry is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Michele Loi

Society's increasing dependence on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and AI-enabled systems require a more practical approach from software engineering (SE) executives in middle and higher-level management to improve their involvement in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Mamia Agbese , Rahul Mohanani , Arif Ali Khan , Pekka Abrahamsson

As a capability coming from computation, how does AI differ fundamentally from the capabilities delivered by rule-based software program? The paper examines the behavior of artificial intelligence (AI) from engineering points of view to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Bifei Mao , Lanqing Hong

Increasing interest in ensuring the safety of next-generation Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems calls for novel approaches to embedding morality into autonomous agents. This goal differs qualitatively from traditional task-specific AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Elizaveta Tennant , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

Context:Today, ethical issues surrounding AI systems are increasingly prevalent, highlighting the critical need to integrate AI ethics into system design to prevent societal harm. Raising awareness and fostering a deep understanding of AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Aastha Pant , Rashina Hoda , Paul McIntosh

Ensuring equitable Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare demands systems that make unbiased decisions across all demographic groups, bridging technical innovation with ethical principles. Foundation Models (FMs), trained on vast…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Dilermando Queiroz , Anderson Carlos , André Anjos , Lilian Berton

Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) can autonomously pursue long-term goals, make decisions, and execute complex, multi-turn workflows. Unlike traditional generative AI, which responds reactively to prompts, agentic AI proactively…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Anirban Mukherjee , Hannah Hanwen Chang

This white paper underscores the critical importance of responsibly deploying Artificial Intelligence (AI) in military contexts, emphasizing a commitment to ethical and legal standards. The evolving role of AI in the military goes beyond…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Mathias Anneken , Nadia Burkart , Fabian Jeschke , Achim Kuwertz-Wolf , Almuth Mueller , Arne Schumann , Michael Teutsch

Nowadays, we delegate many of our decisions to Artificial Intelligence (AI) that acts either in solo or as a human companion in decisions made to support several sensitive domains, like healthcare, financial services and law enforcement. AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Nicoleta Tantalaki , Athena Vakali