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Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) offer attractive advantages over Auto-Regressive (AR) models, such as full-attention parallel decoding and flexible generation. However, standard DLM training uses a static, single-step masked prediction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zehua Pei , Hui-Ling Zhen , Weizhe Lin , Sinno Jialin Pan , Yunhe Wang , Mingxuan Yuan , Bei Yu

Large language models (LLMs) suffer from high inference latency due to the auto-regressive decoding process. Speculative decoding accelerates inference by generating multiple draft tokens using a lightweight model and verifying them in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yixuan Wang , Yijun Liu , Shiyu ji , Yuzhuang Xu , Yang Xu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Learning to sample from intractable distributions over discrete sets without relying on corresponding training data is a central problem in a wide range of fields, including Combinatorial Optimization. Currently, popular deep learning-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Sebastian Sanokowski , Sepp Hochreiter , Sebastian Lehner

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive language models, offering stronger global awareness and highly parallel generation. However, post-training DLMs with standard Negative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Kecheng Chen , Ziru Liu , Xijia Tao , Hui Liu , Yibing Liu , Xinyu Fu , Shi Wu , Suiyun Zhang , Dandan Tu , Lingpeng Kong , Rui Liu , Haoliang Li

Diffusion models have emerged as an expressive family of generative models rivaling GANs in sample quality and autoregressive models in likelihood scores. Standard diffusion models typically require hundreds of forward passes through the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Daniel Watson , William Chan , Jonathan Ho , Mohammad Norouzi

Most large language models are autoregressive: they generate tokens one at a time. Discrete diffusion language models can generate multiple tokens in parallel, but sampling from them requires a denoising order: a strategy for deciding which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Daniel Israel , Tian Jin , Ellie Cheng , Guy Van den Broeck , Aditya Grover , Suvinay Subramanian , Michael Carbin

Autoregressive (AR) large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide range of natural language tasks, yet their inherent sequential decoding limits inference efficiency. In this work, we propose Fast-dLLM v2,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Chengyue Wu , Hao Zhang , Shuchen Xue , Shizhe Diao , Yonggan Fu , Zhijian Liu , Pavlo Molchanov , Ping Luo , Song Han , Enze Xie

We present parallel algorithms to accelerate sampling via counting in two settings: any-order autoregressive models and denoising diffusion models. An any-order autoregressive model accesses a target distribution $\mu$ on $[q]^n$ through an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Nima Anari , Carlo Baronio , CJ Chen , Alireza Haqi , Frederic Koehler , Anqi Li , Thuy-Duong Vuong

We study the problem of learning a neural sampler to generate samples from discrete state spaces where the target probability mass function $\pi\propto\mathrm{e}^{-U}$ is known up to a normalizing constant, which is an important task in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yuchen Zhu , Wei Guo , Jaemoo Choi , Guan-Horng Liu , Yongxin Chen , Molei Tao

Distilling latent diffusion models (LDMs) into ones that are fast to sample from is attracting growing research interest. However, the majority of existing methods face two critical challenges: (1) They hinge on long training using a huge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Qingsong Xie , Zhenyi Liao , Zhijie Deng , Chen chen , Haonan Lu

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) have shown promising performance across various reasoning tasks, establishing themselves as an alternative to autoregressive large language models (LLMs). Unlike autoregressive LLMs that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Xiangzhong Luo , Yilin An , Zhicheng Yu , Weichen Liu , Xu Yang

Large language models (LLMs) offer impressive performance but are impractical for resource-constrained deployment due to high latency and energy consumption. Knowledge distillation (KD) addresses this by transferring knowledge from a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Seongryong Jung , Suwan Yoon , DongGeon Kim , Hwanhee Lee

Diffusion-based models decompose sampling into many small Gaussian denoising steps -- an assumption that breaks down when generation is compressed to a few coarse transitions. Existing few-step methods address this through distillation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jiatao Gu , Tianrong Chen , Ying Shen , David Berthelot , Shuangfei Zhai , Josh Susskind

Discrete Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have recently emerged as a competitive paradigm for non-autoregressive language modeling. Their distinctive decoding mechanism enables faster inference speed and strong performance in code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Qi Li , Runpeng Yu , Haiquan Lu , Xinchao Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become an indispensable part of natural language processing tasks. However, autoregressive sampling has become an efficiency bottleneck. Multi-Draft Speculative Decoding (MDSD) is a recent approach where,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zhengmian Hu , Tong Zheng , Vignesh Viswanathan , Ziyi Chen , Ryan A. Rossi , Yihan Wu , Dinesh Manocha , Heng Huang

Masked discrete diffusion models (MDMs) are a promising new approach to generative modelling, offering the ability for parallel token generation and therefore greater efficiency than autoregressive counterparts. However, achieving an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 David Fox , Sam Bowyer , Song Liu , Laurence Aitchison , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Mengyue Yang

Much of the focus in the area of knowledge distillation has been on distilling knowledge from a larger teacher network to a smaller student network. However, there has been little research on how the concept of distillation can be leveraged…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Zhong Qiu Lin , Alexander Wong

Recent progress in text-to-3D generation has been achieved through the utilization of score distillation methods: they make use of the pre-trained text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models by distilling via the diffusion model training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Kyungmin Lee , Kihyuk Sohn , Jinwoo Shin

Diffusion-based generative models (DBGMs) perturb data to a target noise distribution and reverse this process to generate samples. The choice of noising process, or inference diffusion process, affects both likelihoods and sample quality.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Raghav Singhal , Mark Goldstein , Rajesh Ranganath

Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) and their extensions have emerged as competitive generative models yet confront challenges of efficient sampling. We propose a new bilateral denoising diffusion model (BDDM) that parameterizes both the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-28 Max W. Y. Lam , Jun Wang , Dan Su , Dong Yu