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Level 3 automated driving systems allows drivers to engage in secondary tasks while diminishing their perception of risk. In the event of an emergency necessitating driver intervention, the system will alert the driver with a limited window…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Wei Xiang , Muchen Li , Jie Yan , Manling Zheng , Hanfei Zhu , Mengyun Jiang , Lingyun Sun

In this paper, we propose an end-to-end self-driving network featuring a sparse attention module that learns to automatically attend to important regions of the input. The attention module specifically targets motion planning, whereas prior…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Bob Wei , Mengye Ren , Wenyuan Zeng , Ming Liang , Bin Yang , Raquel Urtasun

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have recently emerged as powerful tools for interpreting and steering the internal representations of large language models (LLMs). However, conventional approaches to analyzing SAEs typically rely solely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Dong Shu , Xuansheng Wu , Haiyan Zhao , Mengnan Du , Ninghao Liu

The market introduction of automated vehicles has motivated intense research efforts into the safety of automated vehicle systems. Unlike driver assistance systems, SAE Level 3+ systems are not only responsible for executing (parts of) the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-30 Marcus Nolte , Inga Jatzkowski , Susanne Ernst , Markus Maurer

Personality control in Role-Playing Agents (RPAs) is commonly achieved via training-free methods that inject persona descriptions and memory through prompts or retrieval-augmented generation, or via supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Wenqiu Tang , Zhen Wan , Takahiro Komamizu , Ichiro Ide

One of the main challenges in developing autonomous transport systems based on connected and automated vehicles is the comprehension and understanding of the environment around each vehicle. In many situations, the understanding is limited…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-03 Vandana Narri , Amr Alanwar , Jonas Mårtensson , Christoffer Norén , Laura Dal Col , Karl Henrik Johansson

Situation awareness (SA)--comprising the ability to 1) perceive critical elements in the environment, 2) comprehend their meanings, and 3) project their future states--is critical for human operator performance. Due to the disruptive nature…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Kieran J. Smith , Tristan C. Endsley , Torin K. Clark

Connected Autonomous Vehicles have great potential to improve automobile safety and traffic flow, especially in cooperative applications where perception data is shared between vehicles. However, this cooperation must be secured from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Edward Andert , Francis Mendoza , Hans Walter Behrens , Aviral Shrivastava

Conditional Imitation learning is a common and effective approach to train autonomous driving agents. However, two issues limit the full potential of this approach: (i) the inertia problem, a special case of causal confusion where the agent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Luca Cultrera , Federico Becattini , Lorenzo Seidenari , Pietro Pala , Alberto Del Bimbo

With Highly Automated Driving (HAD), the driver can engage in non-driving-related tasks. In the event of a system failure, the driver is expected to reasonably regain control of the Automated Vehicle (AV). Incorrect system understanding may…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Milin Patel , Rolf Jung , Yasin Cakir

Overtaking on country roads with possible opposing traffic is a dangerous maneuver and many proposed assistant systems assume car-to-car communication and sensors currently unavailable in cars. To overcome this limitation, we develop an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Adrian Bauske , Arthur Fleig

Road traffic accidents remain a significant global concern, with the majority attributed to human factors such as driver distraction and fatigue. This study proposes a camera-based approach to derive useful indicators to assess driver…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Carmelo Scribano , Giovanni Cappelletti , Elia Giacobazzi , Giorgia Franchini , Paolo Burgio , Marko Bertogna

Public distrust of self-driving cars is growing. Studies emphasize the need for interpreting the behavior of these vehicles to passengers to promote trust in autonomous systems. Interpreters can enhance trust by improving transparency and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Xuewen Luo , Fan Ding , Ruiqi Chen , Rishikesh Panda , Junnyong Loo , Shuyun Zhang

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are being rapidly introduced into our lives. However, public misunderstanding and mistrust have become prominent issues hindering the acceptance of these driverless technologies. The primary objective of this study…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Zhijie Qiao , Helen Loeb , Venkata Gurrla , Matt Lebermann , Johannes Betz , Rahul Mangharam

In the field of conditional autonomous driving technology, driver perceived risk prediction plays a crucial role in reducing traffic risks and ensuring passenger safety. This study introduces an innovative perceived risk prediction model…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Chenhao Yang , Siwei Huang , Chuan Hu

Human drivers' control quality in the first seconds after a handover is critical to shared-driving safety; potentially unsafe steering or pedal inputs therefore require detection and correction by the automated vehicle's safety-fallback…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jian Sun , Xiyan Jiang , Xiaocong Zhao , Jie Wang , Peng Hang , Zirui Li

Large language models are increasingly evaluated as interactive agents, yet standard agent benchmarks conflate two qualitatively distinct sources of success: semantic tool-use and interface-specific interaction pattern memorization. Because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Weizheng Gu , Chengze Li , Zhuohao Yu , Mengyuan Sun , Zhibang Yang , Wei Wang , Hongrui Jia , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are often used in the automotive industry to highlight innovative improvements in vehicle safety. However, today it is unclear whether certain automation (e.g., adaptive cruise control, lane…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Sophie Le Page , Jason Millar , Kelly Bronson , Shalaleh Rismani , AJung Moon

Modeling driver behavior provides several advantages in the automotive industry, including prediction of electric vehicle energy consumption. Studies have shown that aggressive driving can consume up to 30% more energy than moderate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Federica Comuni , Christopher Mészáros , Niklas Åkerblom , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) are a popular method for interpreting concepts represented in large language model (LLM) activations. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the validity of their interpretations due to the lack of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Subhash Kantamneni , Joshua Engels , Senthooran Rajamanoharan , Max Tegmark , Neel Nanda