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Smart contracts are self-executing programs that run on blockchains (e.g., Ethereum). 680 million US dollars worth of digital assets controlled by smart contracts have been hacked or stolen due to various security vulnerabilities in 2021.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Tanusree Sharma , Zhixuan Zhou , Andrew Miller , Yang Wang

Recently, deep learning has demonstrated promising results in enhancing the accuracy of vulnerability detection and identifying vulnerabilities in software. However, these techniques are still vulnerable to attacks. Adversarial examples can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Shigang Liu , Di Cao , Junae Kim , Tamas Abraham , Paul Montague , Seyit Camtepe , Jun Zhang , Yang Xiang

The rise of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has brought novel financial opportunities but also exposed serious security vulnerabilities, with flash loans frequently exploited for price manipulation attacks. These attacks, leveraging the atomic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ka Wai Wu

The growing adoption of smart contracts on blockchains poses new security risks that can lead to significant monetary loss, while existing approaches either provide no (or partial) security guarantees for smart contracts or require huge…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Shaokai Lin , Xinyuan Sun , Jianan Yao , Ronghui Gu

Smart contracts are immutable, verifiable, and autonomous pieces of code that can be deployed and ran on blockchain networks like Ethereum. Due to the immutability nature of blockchain, no change is possible on a deployed smart contract or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-25 Erfan Andesta , Fathiyeh Faghih , Mahdi Fooladgar

The security of smart contracts is critical in blockchain systems, where even minor vulnerabilities can lead to substantial financial losses. Researchers proposed several vulnerability detection tools evaluated using existing benchmarks.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Gerardo Iuliano , Luigi Allocca , Matteo Cicalese , Dario Di Nucci

Cryptocurrency has seen an explosive growth in recent years, thanks to the evolvement of blockchain technology and its economic ecosystem. Besides Bitcoin, thousands of cryptocurrencies have been distributed on blockchains, while hundreds…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Ru Ji , Ningyu He , Lei Wu , Haoyu Wang , Guangdong Bai , Yao Guo

The increasing complexity of modern processors poses many challenges to existing hardware verification tools and methodologies for detecting security-critical bugs. Recent attacks on processors have shown the fatal consequences of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Aakash Tyagi , Addison Crump , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Garrett Persyn , Jeyavijayan Rajendran , Patrick Jauernig , Rahul Kande

Front-running attacks have been a major concern on the blockchain. Attackers launch front-running attacks by inserting additional transactions before upcoming victim transactions to manipulate victim transaction executions and make profits.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Wuqi Zhang , Lili Wei , Shing-Chi Cheung , Yepang Liu , Shuqing Li , Lu Liu , Michael R. Lyu

Data tampering is often considered a severe problem in industrial applications as it can lead to inaccurate financial reports or even a corporate security crisis. A correct representation of data is essential for companies' core business…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Zeshun Shi , Jeroen Bergers , Ken Korsmit , Zhiming Zhao

Smart contracts are Turing-complete programs running on the blockchain. They are immutable and cannot be modified, even when bugs are detected. Therefore, ensuring smart contracts are bug-free and well-designed before deploying them to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Jiachi Chen , Xin Xia , David Lo , John Grundy , Xiapu Luo , Ting Chen

Smart contracts, self-executing agreements directly encoded in code, are fundamental to blockchain technology, especially in decentralized finance (DeFi) and Web3. However, the rise of Ponzi schemes in smart contracts poses significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Cong Wu , Jing Chen , Ziwei Wang , Ruichao Liang , Ruiying Du

Modern computing systems heavily rely on hardware as the root of trust. However, their increasing complexity has given rise to security-critical vulnerabilities that cross-layer at-tacks can exploit. Traditional hardware vulnerability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Mohamadreza Rostami , Marco Chilese , Shaza Zeitouni , Rahul Kande , Jeyavijayan Rajendran , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Financial systems have a growing reliance on computer-based and distributed systems, making FinTech systems vulnerable to advanced and quickly emerging cyber-criminal threats. Traditional security systems and fixed machine learning systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Gunjan Mishra , Yash Mishra

Fuzzing has proven to be very effective for discovering certain classes of software flaws, but less effective in helping developers process these discoveries. Conventional crash-based fuzzers lack enough information about failures to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Allison Naaktgeboren , Sean Noble Anderson , Andrew Tolmach , Greg Sullivan

Developers utilize third-party libraries to improve productivity, which also introduces potential security risks. Existing approaches generate tests for public functions to trigger library vulnerabilities from client programs, yet they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yukai Zhao , Menghan Wu , Xing Hu , Shaohua Wang , Meng Luo , Xin Xia

Smart contracts are a key component of the Web 3.0 ecosystem, widely applied in blockchain services and decentralized applications. However, the automated execution feature of smart contracts makes them vulnerable to potential attacks due…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yanli Jin , Chunpei Li , Peng Fan , Peng Liu , Xianxian Li , Chen Liu , Wangjie Qiu

The increased adoption of smart contracts in many industries has made them an attractive target for cybercriminals, leading to millions of dollars in losses. Thus, deploying smart contracts with detected vulnerabilities (known to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Pengcheng , Peng , Yun , Qingzhao , Tao , Dawn , Prateek , Sanjeev , Zhuotao , Xusheng

Blockchain technology adds records to a list using cryptographic links. Therefore, the security of blockchain smart contracts is among the most popular contemporary research topics. To improve the theorem-proving technology in this field,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Zheng Yang , Hang Lei

Reentrancy, a notorious vulnerability in smart contracts, has led to millions of dollars in financial loss. However, current smart contract vulnerability detection tools suffer from a high false positive rate in identifying contracts with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Shuo Yang , Jiachi Chen , Mingyuan Huang , Zibin Zheng , Yuan Huang