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Related papers: Understanding the Prompt Sensitivity

200 papers

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) highlight the need to align their behaviors with human values. A critical, yet understudied, issue is the potential divergence between an LLM's stated preferences (its reported alignment with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhuojun Gu , Quan Wang , Shuchu Han

This research investigates prompt designs of evaluating generated texts using large language models (LLMs). While LLMs are increasingly used for scoring various inputs, creating effective prompts for open-ended text evaluation remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 KuanChao Chu , Yi-Pei Chen , Hideki Nakayama

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), yet the influence of prompt sentiment, a latent affective characteristic of input text, remains underexplored. This study systematically examines…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Vishal Gandhi , Sagar Gandhi

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized NLP research. Notably, in-context learning enables their use as evaluation metrics for natural language generation, making them particularly advantageous in low-resource scenarios and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Christoph Leiter , Steffen Eger

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in instruction-following, becoming increasingly crucial across various applications. However, this capability brings with it the risk of prompt injection attacks, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Zekun Li , Baolin Peng , Pengcheng He , Xifeng Yan

Large language models (LLMs) now write code in settings where misreading a single word can break safety or cost money, yet we still expect them to overlook stray typos. To probe where useful robustness ends and harmful insensitivity begins,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Altynbek Ismailov , Salia Asanova

This study investigates whether repeating questions within prompts influences the performance of large language models (LLMs). We hypothesize that reiterating a question within a single prompt might enhance the model's focus on key elements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Sagi Shaier , Mario Sanz-Guerrero , Katharina von der Wense

Code generation is one of the most active areas of application of Large Language Models (LLMs). While LLMs lower barriers to writing code and accelerate development process, the overall quality of generated programs depends on the quality…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Andrei Paleyes , Radzim Sendyka , Diana Robinson , Christian Cabrera , Neil D. Lawrence

With the wide adoption of language models for IR -- and specifically RAG systems -- the latency of the underlying LLM becomes a crucial bottleneck, since the long contexts of retrieved passages lead large prompts and therefore, compute…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Cornelius Kummer , Lena Jurkschat , Michael Färber , Sahar Vahdati

In-context learning (ICL) has become one of the most popular learning paradigms. While there is a growing body of literature focusing on prompt engineering, there is a lack of systematic analysis comparing the effects of prompts across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Sheng Lu , Hendrik Schuff , Iryna Gurevych

Consistently scaling pre-trained language models (PLMs) imposes substantial burdens on model adaptation, necessitating more efficient alternatives to conventional fine-tuning. Given the advantage of prompting in the zero-shot setting and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Yulin Chen , Ning Ding , Xiaobin Wang , Shengding Hu , Hai-Tao Zheng , Zhiyuan Liu , Pengjun Xie

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved top results in recent machine translation evaluations, but they are also known to be sensitive to errors and perturbations in their prompts. We systematically evaluate how both humanly plausible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Patrícia Schmidtová , Niyati Bafna , Seth Aycock , Gianluca Vico , Wiktor Kamzela , Katharina Hämmerl , Vilém Zouhar

The performance of large language models (LLMs) is acutely sensitive to the phrasing of prompts, which raises significant concerns about their reliability in real-world scenarios. Existing studies often divide prompts into task-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Bowen Cao , Deng Cai , Zhisong Zhang , Yuexian Zou , Wai Lam

The generative nature of Large Language Models (LLMs) is reflected in the conditional probabilities they compute to sample each response token given the previous tokens. These probabilities encode the distributional structure that the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Shilpika Shilpika , Carlo Graziani , Bethany Lusch , Venkatram Vishwanath , Michael E. Papka

Although large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly capable of solving challenging real-world tasks, accurately quantifying their uncertainty remains a critical open problem--one that limits their applicability in high-stakes…

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit pronounced conservative bias in relation extraction tasks, frequently defaulting to No_Relation label when an appropriate option is unavailable. While this behavior helps prevent incorrect relation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Toyin Aguda , Erik Wilson , Allan Anzagira , Simerjot Kaur , Charese Smiley

The relationship between communicated language and intended meaning is often probabilistic and sensitive to context. Numerous strategies attempt to estimate such a mapping, often leveraging recursive Bayesian models of communication. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Benjamin Lipkin , Lionel Wong , Gabriel Grand , Joshua B Tenenbaum

The output of large language models (LLMs) is unstable, due both to non-determinism of the decoding process as well as to prompt brittleness. While the intrinsic non-determinism of LLM generation may mimic existing uncertainty in human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Jiahui Li , Sean Papay , Roman Klinger

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as summarization, question answering, and translation. However, LLMs pose significant security risks due to their tendency to memorize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Zhepeng Wang , Runxue Bao , Yawen Wu , Jackson Taylor , Cao Xiao , Feng Zheng , Weiwen Jiang , Shangqian Gao , Yanfu Zhang

This study systematically analyzes the vulnerability of 36 large language models (LLMs) to various prompt injection attacks, a technique that leverages carefully crafted prompts to elicit malicious LLM behavior. Across 144 prompt injection…